Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

IBD Lab Tests and health information

What are the symptoms of IBD?

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can cause a range of symptoms that can vary in severity and duration. Still, some common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, fatigue, weight loss, and reduced appetite. Other potential symptoms include fever, joint pain, skin rashes, and eye inflammation. It's important to note that symptoms can differ between individuals and between different types of IBD, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, you can proactively order lab tests to rule out IBD and other possible conditions. Treatment for IBD includes medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery.

 

What are lab tests' benefits to detecting, diagnosing, and monitoring IBD?

Lab tests can detect, diagnose, and monitor inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Some potential benefits of these tests include the following:

  1. Accurate diagnosis: Lab tests can help distinguish between different types of IBD and other conditions with similar symptoms, which can help guide appropriate treatment.
  2. Monitoring disease activity: Lab tests can help monitor disease activity and track response to treatment. For example, tests that measure markers of inflammation in the blood or stool can indicate whether the disease is active or in remission.
  3. Early detection of complications: Some lab tests can help identify potential complications of IBD, such as anemia or liver dysfunction, which may require additional treatment.
  4. Individualized treatment: Lab tests can provide valuable information about a patient's unique disease characteristics, which can help doctors personalize treatment plans to optimize outcomes.

Overall, lab tests are essential in managing IBD and can help patients and doctors work together to achieve the best possible outcomes.

Order our IBD blood tests to identify and monitor Inflammatory bowel disease, a disorder that involves chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are two primary forms of IBD. Ulta Lab Tests provide reliable blood work and secure testing, so order today!


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IMPORTANT – This panel contains Culture, Urine, Routine #395 which can Reflex to additional testing and charges, detailed below, if Culture is positive.

If culture is positive, CPT code(s): 87088 (each isolate) will be added with an additional charge.  Identification will be performed at an additional charge (CPT code(s): 87077 or 87140 or 87143 or 87147 or 87149).

Antibiotic susceptibilities are only performed when appropriate (CPT code(s): 87181 or 87184 or 87185 or 87186).

  • ORG ID 1. $ 12.45 
  • ORG ID 2. $ 23.95 
  • PRESUMPTIVE ID 1. $ 12.45 
  • PRESUMPTIVE ID 2. $ 23.95 
  • SUSC-1  $14.95 
  • SUSC-2  $28.95

The Key Lab Tests to Help Identify Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

  • ANCA Screen with Reflex to ANCA Titer [ 70171 ]
  • C-Reactive Protein (CRP) [ 4420 ]
  • Calprotectin, Stool [ 16796 ]
  • CBC (includes Differential and Platelets) [ 6399 ]
  • Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) [ 10231 ]
  • Culture, Blood [ 389 ]
  • Culture, Urine, Routine [ 395 ]
  • Direct Antiglobulin W/Refl Anti C3,Anti IgG [ 36668 ]
  • Erythropoietin [ 427 ]
  • Fecal Globin by Immunochemistry (InSure®) [ 11290 ]
  • Ferritin [ 457 ]
  • Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Quant. [ 500 ]
  • Haptoglobin [ 502 ]
  • Hemoglobin and Hematocrit (Included in CBC test)
  • Hemoglobinopathy Evaluation [ 35489 ]
  • IgG, IgA, Indirect Immunofluorescence [ 16690 ]
  • Intrinsic Factor Blocking Antibody [ 568 ]
  • Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) [ 7573 ]
  • Lactoferrin, Qualitative, Stool [ 10156 ]
  • Methylmalonic Acid [ 34879 ]
  • Myeloperoxidase Antibody (MPO) [ 8796 ]
  • Parietal Cell Antibody, ELISA [ 15114 ]
  • Proteinase-3 Antibody [ 34151 ]
  • Prothrombin with INR and Partial Thromboplastin Times [ 4914 ]
  • Reticulocyte Count [ 793 ]
  • Sed Rate by Modified Westergren (ESR) [ 809 ]
  • Sickle Cell Screen [ 825 ]
  • Soluble Transferrin Receptor [ 91031 ]
  • Transferrin [ 891 ]
  • Urea Breath Test, Infrared (Ubit) [ 14839 ]
  • Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) and Folate Panel, Serum [ 7065 ]
     

  • C-Reactive Protein (CRP) [ 4420 ]
  • CBC (includes Differential and Platelets) [ 6399 ]
  • Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) [ 10231 ]
  • Culture, Blood [ 389 ]
  • Direct Antiglobulin W/Refl Anti C3,Anti IgG [ 36668 ]
  • Erythropoietin [ 427 ]
  • Ferritin [ 457 ]
  • Haptoglobin [ 502 ]
  • Hemoglobin and Hematocrit (Included in CBC test)
  • Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) and Folate Panel, Serum [ 7065 ]
     

IMPORTANT – This panel contains Culture, Urine, Routine #395 which can Reflex to additional testing and charges, detailed below, if Culture is positive.

If culture is positive, CPT code(s): 87088 (each isolate) will be added with an additional charge.  Identification will be performed at an additional charge (CPT code(s): 87077 or 87140 or 87143 or 87147 or 87149).

Antibiotic susceptibilities are only performed when appropriate (CPT code(s): 87181 or 87184 or 87185 or 87186).

  • ORG ID 1. $ 12.45 
  • ORG ID 2. $ 23.95 
  • PRESUMPTIVE ID 1. $ 12.45 
  • PRESUMPTIVE ID 2. $ 23.95 
  • SUSC-1  $14.95 
  • SUSC-2  $28.95

This panel contains the following tests:

  • C-Reactive Protein (CRP) [ 4420 ]
  • CBC (includes Differential and Platelets) [ 6399 ]
  • Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) [ 10231 ]
  • Culture, Blood [ 389 ]
  • Culture, Urine, Routine [ 395 ]
  • Direct Antiglobulin W/Refl Anti C3,Anti IgG [ 36668 ]
  • Erythropoietin [ 427 ]
  • Fecal Globin by Immunochemistry (InSure®) [ 11290 ]
  • Ferritin [ 457 ]
  • Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Quant. [ 500 ]
  • Haptoglobin [ 502 ]
  • Hemoglobin and Hematocrit (Included in CBC test)
  • Hemoglobinopathy Evaluation [ 35489 ]
  • Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) [ 7573 ]
  • Prothrombin with INR and Partial Thromboplastin Times [ 4914 ]
  • Reticulocyte Count [ 793 ]
  • Transferrin [ 891 ]
  • Urea Breath Test, Infrared (Ubit) [ 14839 ]
  • Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) and Folate Panel, Serum [ 7065 ]
     

IMPORTANT – This panel contains Culture, Urine, Routine #395 which can Reflex to additional testing and charges, detailed below, if Culture is positive.

If culture is positive, CPT code(s): 87088 (each isolate) will be added with an additional charge.  Identification will be performed at an additional charge (CPT code(s): 87077 or 87140 or 87143 or 87147 or 87149).

Antibiotic susceptibilities are only performed when appropriate (CPT code(s): 87181 or 87184 or 87185 or 87186).

  • ORG ID 1. $ 12.45 
  • ORG ID 2. $ 23.95 
  • PRESUMPTIVE ID 1. $ 12.45 
  • PRESUMPTIVE ID 2. $ 23.95 
  • SUSC-1  $14.95 
  • SUSC-2  $28.95

This panel contains the following tests:

  • ANCA Screen with Reflex to ANCA Titer [ 70171 ]
  • C-Reactive Protein (CRP) [ 4420 ]
  • CBC (includes Differential and Platelets) [ 6399 ]
  • Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) [ 10231 ]
  • Culture, Blood [ 389 ]
  • Culture, Urine, Routine [ 395 ]
  • Direct Antiglobulin W/Refl Anti C3,Anti IgG [ 36668 ]
  • Erythropoietin [ 427 ]
  • Fecal Globin by Immunochemistry (InSure®) [ 11290 ]
  • Ferritin [ 457 ]
  • Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Quant. [ 500 ]
  • Haptoglobin [ 502 ]
  • Hemoglobin and Hematocrit (Included in CBC test)
  • Hemoglobinopathy Evaluation [ 35489 ]
  • Intrinsic Factor Blocking Antibody [ 568 ]
  • Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) [ 7573 ]
  • Methylmalonic Acid [ 34879 ]
  • Myeloperoxidase Antibody (MPO) [ 8796 ]
  • Parietal Cell Antibody, ELISA [ 15114 ]
  • Proteinase-3 Antibody [ 34151 ]
  • Prothrombin with INR and Partial Thromboplastin Times [ 4914 ]
  • Reticulocyte Count [ 793 ]
  • Sickle Cell Screen [ 825 ]
  • Transferrin [ 891 ]
  • Urea Breath Test, Infrared (Ubit) [ 14839 ]
  • Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) and Folate Panel, Serum [ 7065 ]
     

IMPORTANT – This panel contains Culture, Urine, Routine #395 which can Reflex to additional testing and charges, detailed below, if Culture is positive.

If culture is positive, CPT code(s): 87088 (each isolate) will be added with an additional charge.  Identification will be performed at an additional charge (CPT code(s): 87077 or 87140 or 87143 or 87147 or 87149).

Antibiotic susceptibilities are only performed when appropriate (CPT code(s): 87181 or 87184 or 87185 or 87186).

  • ORG ID 1. $ 12.45 
  • ORG ID 2. $ 23.95 
  • PRESUMPTIVE ID 1. $ 12.45 
  • PRESUMPTIVE ID 2. $ 23.95 
  • SUSC-1  $14.95 
  • SUSC-2  $28.95

This panel contains the following tests:

  • ANCA Screen with MPO and PR3, with Reflex to ANCA Titer [ 70159 ]
  • ANCA Screen with Reflex to ANCA Titer [ 70171 ]
  • ANCA Vasculitides [ 36733 ]
  • C-Reactive Protein (CRP) [ 4420 ]
  • Calprotectin, Stool [ 16796 ]
  • CBC (includes Differential and Platelets) [ 6399 ]
  • Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) [ 10231 ]
  • Culture, Aerobic And Anaerobic W/Gram Stain [ 4446 ]
  • Culture, Blood [ 389 ]
  • Culture, Urine, Routine [ 395 ]
  • Direct Antiglobulin W/Refl Anti C3,Anti IgG [ 36668 ]
  • Erythropoietin [ 427 ]
  • Fecal Globin by Immunochemistry (InSure®) [ 11290 ]
  • Ferritin [ 457 ]
  • Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Quant. [ 500 ]
  • Haptoglobin [ 502 ]
  • Hemoglobin and Hematocrit (Included in CBC test)
  • Hemoglobinopathy Evaluation [ 35489 ]
  • IgG, IgA, Indirect Immunofluorescence [ 16690 ]
  • Intrinsic Factor Blocking Antibody [ 568 ]
  • Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) [ 7573 ]
  • Lactoferrin, Qualitative, Stool [ 10156 ]
  • Methylmalonic Acid [ 34879 ]
  • Myeloperoxidase Antibody (MPO) [ 8796 ]
  • Parietal Cell Antibody, ELISA [ 15114 ]
  • Proteinase-3 Antibody [ 34151 ]
  • Prothrombin with INR and Partial Thromboplastin Times [ 4914 ]
  • Reticulocyte Count [ 793 ]
  • Sickle Cell Screen [ 825 ]
  • Soluble Transferrin Receptor [ 91031 ]
  • Transferrin [ 891 ]
  • Urea Breath Test, Infrared (Ubit) [ 14839 ]
  • Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) and Folate Panel, Serum [ 7065 ]
     





DC - Inflammatory Bowel Disease Panel

Important: This panel contains ANA Screen IFA with Reflex to Titer and Pattern #249 which is a Reflex test. If ANA Screen, IFA is positive, then ANA Titer and Pattern will be performed at an additional charge of $13.00


Description: The C-Reactive Protein test is used to identify and/or monitor inflammation in patients.

Also Known As: CRP Test, Inflammation test

Collection Method: Blood Draw

Specimen Type: Serum

Test Preparation: No preparation required

Average Processing Time: 2 to 3 days

When is a C-Reactive Protein test ordered?

When a person's medical history and signs and symptoms indicate that they may have a significant bacterial infection, a CRP test may be recommended. When a newborn displays signs of infection or when a person has sepsis symptoms including fever, chills, and rapid breathing and heart rate, it may be ordered.

It's also commonly requested on a regular basis to check illnesses like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, and it's routinely repeated to see if medication is working. This is especially effective for inflammation issues because CRP levels decrease as inflammation decreases.

What does a C-Reactive Protein blood test check for?

C-reactive protein is a protein produced by the liver and released into the bloodstream within a few hours following tissue injury, infection, or other inflammatory event. After trauma or a heart attack, with active or uncontrolled autoimmune illnesses, and with acute bacterial infections like sepsis, markedly higher levels are reported. CRP levels can rise by a thousand-fold in response to inflammatory diseases, and their elevation in the blood can occur before pain, fever, or other clinical signs. The test detects inflammation caused by acute situations or monitors disease activity in chronic diseases by measuring the level of CRP in the blood.

The CRP test is not a diagnostic tool, although it can tell a doctor if inflammation is occurring. This information can be combined with other indicators like signs and symptoms, a physical exam, and other tests to establish whether someone has an acute inflammatory disorder or is having a flare-up of a chronic inflammatory disease. The health care provider may next do additional tests and treatment.

This CRP test should not be confused with the hs-CRP test. These are two separate CRP tests, each of which measures a different range of CRP levels in the blood for different purposes.

Lab tests often ordered with a C-Reactive Protein test:

  • Sed Rate (ESR)
  • Procalcitonin
  • ANA
  • Rheumatoid Factor
  • Complement

Conditions where a C-Reactive Protein test is recommended:

  • Arthritis
  • Autoimmune Disorders
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Sepsis
  • Vasculitis
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Meningitis and Encephalitis

Commonly Asked Questions:

How does my health care provider use a C-Reactive Protein test?

A health practitioner uses the C-reactive protein test to diagnose inflammation. CRP is an acute phase reactant, a protein produced by the liver and released into the bloodstream within a few hours following tissue injury, infection, or other inflammatory event. The CRP test is not a diagnostic test for any ailment, but it can be used in conjunction with other tests to determine whether a person has an acute or chronic inflammatory disorder.

CRP, for example, can be used to detect or track substantial inflammation in someone who is suspected of having an acute ailment like:

  • Sepsis is a dangerous bacterial infection.
  • An infection caused by a fungus
  • Inflammation of the pelvis

People with chronic inflammatory diseases can use the CRP test to detect flare-ups and/or see if their medication is working. Here are a few examples:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease
  • Arthritis, which can take many forms.
  • Autoimmune disorders, examples include lupus and vasculitis

CRP is occasionally requested in conjunction with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate, another inflammatory test. While the CRP test is not specific enough to diagnose an illness, it does serve as a broad marker for infection and inflammation, alerting doctors to the need for more testing and treatment. A variety of additional tests may be used to determine the source of inflammation, depending on the probable cause.

What do my C-Reactive Protein test results mean?

CRP levels in the blood are usually low.

CRP levels in the blood that are high or rising indicate the existence of inflammation, but they don't tell you where it is or what's causing it. A high CRP level can establish the presence of a severe bacterial infection in people who are suspected of having one. High levels of CRP in persons with chronic inflammatory disorders indicate a flare-up or that treatment isn't working.

When the CRP level rises and then falls, it indicates that the inflammation or infection is diminishing and/or responding to treatment.

Is there anything else I should know about C-Reactive Protein?

CRP levels can rise during pregnancy, as well as with the use of birth control tablets or hormone replacement therapy. Obese people have also been found to have higher CRP levels.

In the presence of inflammation, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate test will also rise; however, CRP rises first and then falls faster than the ESR.

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.


Description: Sed Rate is a blood test that is used to measure the rate that red blood cells fall to the bottom of a test tube. The measurement is based how many cells fall within one hour. This test can be used to determine infection or inflammation.

Also Known As: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Test, ESR Test, Sed Rate Test, Sedimentation Rate Test, Westergren Sedimentation Rate Test

Collection Method: Blood Draw

Specimen Type: Whole Blood

Test Preparation: No preparation required

Average Processing Time: 1 to 2 days

When is a Sed Rate test ordered?

When a condition or disease is believed to be causing inflammation in the body, an ESR may be ordered. Several inflammatory illnesses can be identified using this test. It may be requested, for example, if arthritis is suspected of producing joint inflammation and pain, or if inflammatory bowel disease is suspected of causing digestive symptoms.

When a person develops symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica, systemic vasculitis, or temporal arteritis, such as headaches, neck or shoulder discomfort, anemia, pelvic pain, poor appetite, joint stiffness, and unexplained weight loss, a doctor may recommend an ESR. To follow the development of specific illnesses, the sed rate test can also be routinely ordered.

A health practitioner may wish to repeat the ESR before undertaking a full workup to look for disease.

What does a Sed Rate blood test check for?

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a test that evaluates the degree of inflammation in the body indirectly. The test evaluates the rate at which erythrocytes fall in a blood sample that has been placed in a tall, thin, vertical tube. The millimeters of clear fluid present at the upper portion of the tube after one hour are reported as the results.

When a drop of blood is inserted in a tube, the red blood cells settle out slowly, leaving just a small amount of transparent plasma. In the presence of an increased number of proteins, particularly proteins known as acute phase reactants, red cells settle at a faster pace. Inflammation raises the levels of acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in the blood.

An inherent component of the immune system's response is inflammation. It could be chronic, showing symptoms over time with conditions like autoimmune illnesses or cancer, or acute, showing symptoms right away after a shock, injury, or infection.

The ESR is a non-specific indication that can rise in a number of disorders; it is not a diagnostic test. It provides you with a fundamental understanding of whether you have an inflammatory condition or not.

Given the availability of more recent, specialized tests, there have been reservations about the ESR's utility. The ESR test, on the other hand, is commonly used to diagnose and monitor temporal arteritis, systemic vasculitis, and polymyalgia rheumatica. Extremely high ESR values can aid in differentiating between rheumatic diseases. Furthermore, ESR may still be a viable alternative in some cases, such as when newer tests are unavailable in resource-constrained places or while monitoring the progression of a disease.

Lab tests often ordered with a Sed Rate test:

  • C-Reactive Protein
  • ANA
  • Rheumatoid Factor

Conditions where a Sed Rate test is recommended:

  • Vasculitis
  • Autoimmune Disorders
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Celiac Disease
  • Lupus
  • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
  • Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease

How does my health care provider use a Sed Rate test?

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a non-specific, very straightforward test that has been used for many years to detect inflammation associated with infections, malignancies, and autoimmune illnesses.

Because an elevated ESR often indicates the presence of inflammation, but does not tell the health practitioner where the inflammation is in the body or what is causing it, it is referred to as a non-specific test. Other illnesses besides inflammation may have an impact on an ESR. As a result, other tests, such C-reactive protein, are routinely paired with the ESR.

ESR is used to identify temporal arteritis, systemic vasculitis, and polymyalgia rheumatica, among other inflammatory illnesses. A notably elevated ESR is one of the crucial test results used to support the diagnosis.

This test can be used to track disease activity and treatment response in both of the disorders mentioned above, as well as several others including systemic lupus erythematosus.

What do my Sed Rate test results mean?

Because ESR is a non-specific inflammatory measure that is influenced by a variety of circumstances, it must be used in conjunction with other clinical findings, the individual's medical history, and the results of other laboratory tests. The health practitioner may be able to confirm or rule out a suspected illness if the ESR and clinical data match.

Without any signs of a specific condition, a single elevated ESR is usually insufficient to make a medical conclusion. A normal result does not, however, rule out inflammation or illness.

Inflammation, as well as anemia, infection, pregnancy, and aging, can cause a moderately raised ESR.

A severe infection with a rise in globulins, polymyalgia rheumatica, or temporal arteritis are common causes of an extremely high ESR. Depending on the person's symptoms, a health practitioner may employ various follow-up tests, such as blood cultures. Even if there is no inflammation, people with multiple myeloma or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia have extraordinarily high ESRs.

Rising ESRs may suggest increased inflammation or a poor response to therapy when monitoring a condition over time; normal or falling ESRs may indicate an adequate response to treatment.

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.


Description: A CBC or Complete Blood Count with Differential and Platelets test is a blood test that measures many important features of your blood’s red and white blood cells and platelets. A Complete Blood Count can be used to evaluate your overall health and detect a wide variety of conditions such as infection, anemia, and leukemia. It also looks at other important aspects of your blood health such as hemoglobin, which carries oxygen. 

Also Known As: CBC test, Complete Blood Count Test, Total Blood Count Test, CBC with Differential and Platelets test, Hemogram test  

Collection Method: Blood Draw 

Specimen Type: Whole Blood 

Test Preparation: No preparation required 

Average Processing Time: 1 to 2 days

When is a Complete Blood Count test ordered?  

The complete blood count (CBC) is an extremely common test. When people go to the doctor for a standard checkup or blood work, they often get a CBC. Suppose a person is healthy and their results are within normal ranges. In that case, they may not need another CBC unless their health condition changes, or their healthcare professional believes it is necessary. 

When a person exhibits a variety of signs and symptoms that could be connected to blood cell abnormalities, a CBC may be done. A health practitioner may request a CBC to help diagnose and determine the severity of lethargy or weakness, as well as infection, inflammation, bruises, or bleeding. 

When a person is diagnosed with a disease that affects blood cells, a CBC is frequently done regularly to keep track of their progress. Similarly, if someone is being treated for a blood condition, a CBC may be performed on a regular basis to see if the treatment is working. 

Chemotherapy, for example, can influence the generation of cells in the bone marrow. Some drugs can lower WBC counts in the long run. To monitor various medication regimens, a CBC may be required on a regular basis. 

What does a Complete Blood Count test check for? 

The complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test that determines the number of cells in circulation. White blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and platelets (PLTs) are three types of cells suspended in a fluid called plasma. They are largely created and matured in the bone marrow and are released into the bloodstream when needed under normal circumstances. 

A CBC is mainly performed with an automated machine that measures a variety of factors, including the number of cells present in a person's blood sample. The findings of a CBC can reveal not only the quantity of different cell types but also the physical properties of some of the cells. 

Significant differences in one or more blood cell populations may suggest the presence of one or more diseases. Other tests are frequently performed to assist in determining the reason for aberrant results. This frequently necessitates visual confirmation via a microscope examination of a blood smear. A skilled laboratory technician can assess the appearance and physical features of blood cells, such as size, shape, and color, and note any anomalies. Any extra information is taken note of and communicated to the healthcare provider. This information provides the health care provider with further information about the cause of abnormal CBC results. 

The CBC focuses on three different types of cells: 

WBCs (White Blood Cells) 

The body uses five different types of WBCs, also known as leukocytes, to keep itself healthy and battle infections and other types of harm. The five different leukocytes are eosinophiles, lymphocytes, neutrophiles, basophils, and monocytes. They are found in relatively steady numbers in the blood. Depending on what is going on in the body, these values may momentarily rise or fall. An infection, for example, can cause the body to manufacture more neutrophils in order to combat bacterial infection. The amount of eosinophils in the body may increase as a result of allergies. A viral infection may cause an increase in lymphocyte production. Abnormal (immature or mature) white cells multiply fast in certain illness situations, such as leukemia, raising the WBC count. 

RBCs (Red Blood Cells) 

The bone marrow produces red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, which are transferred into the bloodstream after maturing. Hemoglobin, a protein that distributes oxygen throughout the body, is found in these cells. Because RBCs have a 120-day lifespan, the bone marrow must constantly manufacture new RBCs to replace those that have aged and disintegrated or have been lost due to hemorrhage. A variety of diseases, including those that cause severe bleeding, can alter the creation of new RBCs and their longevity. 

The CBC measures the number of RBCs and hemoglobin in the blood, as well as the proportion of RBCs in the blood (hematocrit), and if the RBC population appears to be normal. RBCs are generally homogeneous in size and shape, with only minor differences; however, considerable variances can arise in illnesses including vitamin B12 and folate inadequacy, iron deficiency, and a range of other ailments. Anemia occurs when the concentration of red blood cells and/or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood falls below normal, resulting in symptoms such as weariness and weakness. In a far smaller percentage of cases, there may be an excess of RBCs in the blood (erythrocytosis or polycythemia). This might obstruct the flow of blood through the tiny veins and arteries in extreme circumstances. 

Platelets 

Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small cell fragments that aid in the regular clotting of blood. A person with insufficient platelets is more likely to experience excessive bleeding and bruises. Excess platelets can induce excessive clotting or excessive bleeding if the platelets are not operating properly. The platelet count and size are determined by the CBC. 

Lab tests often ordered with a Complete Blood Count test: 

  • Reticulocytes
  • Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity
  • Basic Metabolic Panel
  • Comprehensive Metabolic Panel
  • Lipid Panel
  • Vitamin B12 and Folate
  • Prothrombin with INR and Partial Thromboplastin Times
  • Sed Rate (ESR)
  • C-Reactive Protein
  • Epstein-Barr Virus
  • Von Willebrand Factor Antigen

Conditions where a Complete Blood Count test is recommended: 

  • Anemia
  • Aplastic Anemia
  • Iron Deficiency Anemia
  • Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency
  • Sickle Cell Anemia
  • Heart Disease
  • Thalassemia
  • Leukemia
  • Autoimmune Disorders
  • Cancer
  • Bleeding Disorders
  • Inflammation
  • Epstein-Barr Virus
  • Mononucleosis

Commonly Asked Questions: 

How does my health care provider use a Complete Blood Count test? 

The complete blood count (CBC) is a common, comprehensive screening test used to measure a person's overall health status.  

What do my Complete Blood Count results mean? 

A low Red Blood Cell Count, also known as anemia, could be due many different causes such as chronic bleeding, a bone marrow disorder, and nutritional deficiency just to name a few. A high Red Blood Cell Count, also known as polycythemia, could be due to several conditions including lung disease, dehydration, and smoking. Both Hemoglobin and Hematocrit tend to reflect Red Blood Cell Count results, so if your Red Blood Cell Count is low, your Hematocrit and Hemoglobin will likely also be low. Results should be discussed with your health care provider who can provide interpretation of your results and determine the appropriate next steps or lab tests to further investigate your health. 

What do my Differential results mean? 

A low White Blood Cell count or low WBC count, also known as leukopenia, could be due to a number of different disorders including autoimmune issues, severe infection, and lymphoma. A high White Blood Cell count, or high WBC count, also known as leukocytosis, can also be due to many different disorders including infection, leukemia, and inflammation. Abnormal levels in your White Blood Cell Count will be reflected in one or more of your different white blood cells. Knowing which white blood cell types are affected will help your healthcare provider narrow down the issue. Results should be discussed with your health care provider who can provide interpretation of your results and determine the appropriate next steps or lab tests to further investigate your health. 

What do my Platelet results mean? 

A low Platelet Count, also known as thrombocytopenia, could be due to a number of different disorders including autoimmune issues, viral infection, and leukemia. A high Platelet Count, also known as Thrombocytosis, can also be due to many different disorders including cancer, iron deficiency, and rheumatoid arthritis. Results should be discussed with your health care provider who can provide interpretation of your results and determine the appropriate next steps or lab tests to further investigate your health. 

NOTE: Ulta Lab Tests provides CBC test results from Quest Diagnostics as they are reported. Often, different biomarker results are made available at different time intervals. When reporting the results, Ulta Lab Tests denotes those biomarkers not yet reported as 'pending' for every biomarker the test might report. Only biomarkers Quest Diagnostics observes are incorporated and represented in the final CBC test results provided by Ulta Lab Tests. 
NOTE: Only measurable biomarkers will be reported. Certain biomarkers do not appear in healthy individuals. 

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.

Reflex Parameters for Manual Slide Review
  Less than  Greater Than 
WBC  1.5 x 10^3  30.0 x 10^3 
Hemoglobin  7.0 g/dL  19.0 g/dL 
Hematocrit  None  75%
Platelet  100 x 10^3  800 x 10^3 
MCV  70 fL  115 fL 
MCH  22 pg  37 pg 
MCHC  29 g/dL  36.5 g/dL 
RBC  None  8.00 x 10^6 
RDW  None  21.5
Relative Neutrophil %  1% or ABNC <500  None 
Relative Lymphocyte %  1% 70%
Relative Monocyte %  None  25%
Eosinophil  None  35%
Basophil  None  3.50%
     
Platelet  <75 with no flags,
>100 and <130 with platelet clump flag present,
>1000 
Instrument Flags Variant lymphs, blasts,
immature neutrophils,  nRBC’s, abnormal platelets,
giant platelets, potential interference
     
The automated differential averages 6000+ cells. If none of the above parameters are met, the results are released without manual review.
CBC Reflex Pathway

Step 1 - The slide review is performed by qualified Laboratory staff and includes:

  • Confirmation of differential percentages
  • WBC and platelet estimates, when needed
  • Full review of RBC morphology
  • Comments for toxic changes, RBC inclusions, abnormal lymphs, and other
  • significant findings
  • If the differential percentages agree with the automated counts and no abnormal cells are seen, the automated differential is reported with appropriate comments

Step 2 - The slide review is performed by qualified Laboratory staff and includes: If any of the following are seen on the slide review, Laboratory staff will perform a manual differential:

  • Immature, abnormal, or toxic cells
  • nRBC’s
  • Disagreement with automated differential
  • Atypical/abnormal RBC morphology
  • Any RBC inclusions

Step 3 If any of the following are seen on the manual differential, a Pathologist will review the slide:

  • WBC<1,500 with abnormal cells noted
  • Blasts/immature cells, hairy cell lymphs, or megakaryocytes
  • New abnormal lymphocytes or monocytes
  • Variant or atypical lymphs >15%
  • Blood parasites
  • RBC morphology with 3+ spherocytes, RBC inclusions, suspect Hgb-C,
  • crystals, Pappenheimer bodies or bizarre morphology
  • nRBC’s

Description: A Comprehensive Metabolic Panel or CMP is a blood test that is a combination of a Basic Metabolic Panel, a Liver Panel, and electrolyte panel, and is used to screen for, diagnose, and monitor a variety of conditions and diseases such as liver disease, diabetes, and kidney disease. 

Also Known As: CMP, Chem, Chem-14, Chem-12, Chem-21, Chemistry Panel, Chem Panel, Chem Screen, Chemistry Screen, SMA 12, SMA 20, SMA 21, SMAC, Chem test

Collection Method: Blood Draw 

Specimen Type: Serum 

Test Preparation: 9-12 hours fasting is preferred.

Average Processing Time: 1 to 2 days 

When is a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel test ordered:  

A CMP is frequently requested as part of a lab test for a medical evaluation or yearly physical. A CMP test consists of many different tests that give healthcare providers a range of information about your health, including liver and kidney function, electrolyte balance, and blood sugar levels. To confirm or rule out a suspected diagnosis, abnormal test results are frequently followed up with other tests that provide a more in depth or targeted analysis of key areas that need investigating. 

What does a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel blood test check for? 

The complete metabolic panel (CMP) is a set of 20 tests that provides critical information to a healthcare professional about a person's current metabolic status, check for liver or kidney disease, electrolyte and acid/base balance, and blood glucose and blood protein levels. Abnormal results, particularly when they are combined, can suggest a problem that needs to be addressed. 

The following tests are included in the CMP: 

  • Albumin: this is a measure of Albumin levels in your blood. Albumin is a protein made by the liver that is responsible for many vital roles including transporting nutrients throughout the body and preventing fluid from leaking out of blood vessels. 

  • Albumin/Globulin Ratio: this is a ratio between your total Albumin and Globulin  

  • Alkaline Phosphatase: this is a measure of Alkaline phosphatase or ALP in your blood. Alkaline phosphatase is a protein found in all body tissues, however the ALP found in blood comes from the liver and bones. Elevated levels are often associated with liver damage, gallbladder disease, or bone disorder. 

  • Alt: this is a measure of Alanine transaminase or ALT in your blood. Alanine Aminotransferase is an enzyme found in the highest amounts in the liver with small amounts in the heart and muscles. Elevated levels are often associated with liver damage. 

  • AST: this is a measure of Aspartate Aminotransferase or AST. Aspartate Aminotransferase is an enzyme found mostly in the heart and liver, with smaller amounts in the kidney and muscles. Elevated levels are often associated with liver damage. 

  • Bilirubin, Total: this is a measure of bilirubin in your blood. Bilirubin is an orange-yellowish waste product produced from the breakdown of heme which is a component of hemoglobin found in red blood cells. The liver is responsible for removal of bilirubin from the body. 

  • Bun/Creatinine Ratio: this is a ratio between your Urea Nitrogen (BUN) result and Creatinine result.  

  • Calcium: this is a measurement of calcium in your blood. Calcium is the most abundant and one of the most important minerals in the body as it essential for proper nerve, muscle, and heart function. 

  • Calcium: is used for blood clot formation and the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth. 

  • Carbon Dioxide: this is a measure of carbon dioxide in your blood. Carbon dioxide is a negatively charged electrolyte that works with other electrolytes such as chloride, potassium, and sodium to regulate the body’s acid-base balance and fluid levels.  

  • Chloride: this is a measure of Chloride in your blood. Chloride is a negatively charged electrolyte that works with other electrolytes such as potassium and sodium to regulate the body’s acid-base balance and fluid levels. 

  • Creatinine: this is a measure of Creatinine levels in your blood. Creatinine is created from the breakdown of creatine in your muscles and is removed from your body by the kidneys. Elevated creatinine levels are often associated with kidney damage. 

  • Egfr African American: this is a measure of how well your kidneys are functioning. Glomeruli are tiny filters in your kidneys that filter out waste products from your blood for removal while retaining important substances such as nutrients and blood cells. 

  • Egfr Non-Afr. American: this is a measure of how well your kidneys are functioning. Glomeruli are tiny filters in your kidneys that filter out waste products from your blood for removal while retaining important substances such as nutrients and blood cells. 

  • Globulin: this is a measure of all blood proteins in your blood that are not albumin. 

  • Glucose: this is a measure of glucose in your blood. Glucose is created from the breakdown of carbohydrates during digestion and is the body’s primary source of energy. 

  • Potassium: this is a measure of Potassium in your blood. Potassium is an electrolyte that plays a vital role in cell metabolism, nerve and muscle function, and transport of nutrients into cells and removal of wastes products out of cells. 

  • Protein, Total: this is a measure of total protein levels in your blood. 
    Sodium: this is a measure of Sodium in your blood. Sodium is an electrolyte that plays a vital role in nerve and muscle function. 

  • Sodium: this is a measure of sodium in your blood's serum. Sodium is a vital mineral for nerve and muscle cell function.

  • Urea Nitrogen (Bun): this is a measure of Urea Nitrogen in your blood, also known as Blood UreaNitrogen (BUN). Urea is a waste product created in the liver when proteins are broken down into amino acids. Elevated levels are often associated with kidney damage. 

Lab tests often ordered with a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel test: 

  • Complete Blood Count with Differential and Platelets
  • Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity
  • Lipid Panel
  • Vitamin B12 and Folate
  • Prothrombin with INR and Partial Thromboplastin Times
  • Sed Rate (ESR)
  • C-Reactive Protein

Conditions where a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel test is recommended: 

  • Diabetes
  • Kidney Disease
  • Liver Disease
  • Hypertension

Commonly Asked Questions: 

How does my health care provider use a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel test? 

The comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) is a broad screening tool for assessing organ function and detecting diseases like diabetes, liver disease, and kidney disease. The CMP test may also be requested to monitor known disorders such as hypertension and to check for any renal or liver-related side effects in persons taking specific drugs. If a health practitioner wants to follow two or more separate CMP components, the full CMP might be ordered because it contains more information. 

What do my Comprehensive Metabolic Panel test results mean? 

The results of the tests included in the CMP are usually analyzed together to look for patterns. A single abnormal test result may indicate something different than a series of abnormal test findings. A high result on one of the liver enzyme tests, for example, is not the same as a high result on several liver enzyme tests. 

Several sets of CMPs, frequently performed on various days, may be examined to gain insights into the underlying disease and response to treatment, especially in hospitalized patients. 

Out-of-range findings for any of the CMP tests can be caused by a variety of illnesses, including kidney failure, breathing issues, and diabetes-related complications, to name a few. If any of the results are abnormal, one or more follow-up tests are usually ordered to help determine the reason and/or establish a diagnosis. 

Is there anything else I should know? 

A wide range of prescription and over-the-counter medications can have an impact on the results of the CMP's components. Any medications you're taking should be disclosed to your healthcare professional. Similarly, it is critical to provide a thorough history because many other circumstances can influence how your results are interpreted. 

What's the difference between the CMP and the BMP tests, and why would my doctor choose one over the other? 

The CMP consists of 14 tests, while the basic metabolic panel (BMP) is a subset of those with eight tests. The liver (ALP, ALT, AST, and bilirubin) and protein (albumin and total protein) tests are not included. If a healthcare provider wants a more thorough picture of a person's organ function or to check for specific illnesses like diabetes or liver or kidney disease, he or she may prescribe a CMP rather than a BMP. 

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.

Please note the following regarding BUN/Creatinine ratio: 

The lab does not report the calculation for the BUN/Creatinine Ratio unless one or both biomarkers’ results fall out of the published range. 

If you still wish to see the value, it's easy to calculate. Simply take your Urea Nitrogen (BUN) result and divide it by your Creatinine result.  

As an example, if your Urea Nitrogen result is 11 and your Creatinine result is 0.86, then you would divide 11 by 0.86 and get a BUN/Creatinine Ratio result of 12.79. 


Clinical Significance

Used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, or to differentiate IBD from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

 

Collection Instructions

Collect undiluted feces in clean, dry sterile leak-proof container. Do not add fixative or preservative.

 


The Lactoferrin IBD-CHEK® is a qualitative (QL) Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for measuring concentrations of fecal lactoferrin, a marker for leukocytes. A positive level is an indicator of intestinal inflammation. The test can be used as an in vitro diagnostic aid to distinguish patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from those with non inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

This is an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for measuring concentrations of fecal lactoferrin, a marker for leukocytes. An elevated level is an indicator of intestinal inflammation. The test can be used as an in vitro diagnostic aid to distinguish patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from those with noninflammatory irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae are found in approximately 75% of patients with Crohn's disease, 15% of patients with ulcerative colitis, and 5% of the healthy population. High titers of antibody increase the likelihood of disease, and specifically Crohn's disease, and are associated with more aggressive disease.

The QuantaLiteâ„¢ ASCA (S. cerevisiae) IgG kit is an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the semi-quantitative detection of anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) of the IgG class in human serum. This test is intended to aid in the diagnosis of patients with Crohn's disease.

Description: A Vitamin D test is a blood test used to determine if you have a Vitamin D deficiency and to monitor Vitamin D levels if you are on supplementation. 

Also Known As: 25-hydroxyvitamin D Test, Vitamin D 25-Hydroxyvitamin Test 

Collection Method: Blood Draw 

Specimen Type: Serum 

Test Preparation: Fasting preferred, but not required. 

Average Processing Time: 1 to 2 days

When is a Vitamin D test ordered?

When calcium levels are inadequate and/or a person exhibits symptoms of vitamin D deficiency, such as rickets in children and bone weakening, softness, or fracture in adults, 25-hydroxyvitamin D is frequently ordered to rule out a vitamin D deficit. 

When a person is suspected of having a vitamin D deficiency, the test may be requested. Vitamin D deficiency is more common in older folks, people who are institutionalized or homebound and/or have minimal sun exposure, people who are obese, have had gastric bypass surgery, and/or have fat malabsorption. People with darker skin and breastfed babies are also included in this category. 

Before starting osteoporosis medication, 25-hydroxyvitamin D is frequently requested. 

What does a Vitamin D blood test check for? 

Vitamin D is a group of chemicals that are necessary for the healthy development and growth of bones and teeth. The level of vitamin D in the blood is determined by this test. 

Vitamin D is tested in the blood in two forms: 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The primary form of vitamin D found in the blood is 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which is a relatively inactive precursor to the active hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. 25-hydroxyvitamin D is routinely evaluated to assess and monitor vitamin D status in humans due to its longer half-life and higher concentration. 

Vitamin D's major function is to assist balance calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels in the blood. Vitamin D is necessary for bone growth and health; without it, bones become fragile, misshapen, and unable to mend themselves properly, leading to disorders such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Vitamin D has also been proven to influence the growth and differentiation of a variety of other tissues, as well as to aid in immune system regulation. Other illnesses, such as autoimmune and cancer, have been linked to vitamin D's other roles. 

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, two-thirds of the US population has adequate vitamin D, while one-quarter is at risk of inadequate vitamin D and 8% is at risk of insufficiency, as defined by the Institute of Medicine's Dietary Reference Intake. 

The elderly or obese, persons who don't receive enough sun exposure, people with darker skin, and people who take certain drugs for lengthy periods of time are all at risk of insufficiency. Adequate sun exposure is usually defined as two intervals of 5-20 minutes each week. Vitamin D can be obtained through dietary sources or supplements by people who do not get enough sun exposure. 

Lab tests often ordered with a Vitamin D test: 

  • Complete Blood Count 
  • CMP 
  • Iron and TIBC 
  • Calcium 
  • Phosphorus 
  • PTH 
  • Magnesium

Conditions where a Vitamin D test is recommended:

  • Kidney Disease 
  • Osteoporosis 
  • Lymphoma 
  • Cystic Fibrosis 
  • Autoimmune Disorders 
  • Celiac Disease 
  • Malabsorption 
  • Malnutrition 

Commonly Asked Questions: 

How does my health care provider use a Vitamin D test? 

Determine whether a deficit or excess of vitamin D is causing bone weakening, deformity, or improper calcium metabolism. 

Because PTH is required for vitamin D activation, it can aid in diagnosing or monitoring problems with parathyroid gland function. 

Because vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is absorbed from the intestine like a fat, it can help monitor the health of people with conditions that interfere with fat absorption, such as cystic fibrosis and Crohn's disease. 

People who may not be able to absorb vitamin D adequately or have had gastric bypass surgery should be closely monitored. 

When vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and/or magnesium supplementation is suggested, it can help assess the success of the treatment. 

What do my Vitamin D results result mean? 

Even though vitamin D techniques differ, most laboratories use the same reference intervals. Because toxicity is uncommon, researchers have focused on the lower limit and what cut-off for total 25-hydroxyvitamin D shortage implies. 

A low blood level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D could indicate that a person isn't getting enough sunlight or dietary vitamin D to meet his or her body's needs, or that there's an issue with absorption from the intestines. Seizure medications, notably phenytoin, might occasionally interfere with the liver's generation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. 

Vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to an increased risk of some malignancies, immunological illnesses, and cardiovascular disease. 

Excessive supplementation with vitamin pills or other nutritional source of vitamin D frequently results in a high level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. 

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.


Brief Description: A Vitamin D test is a blood test used to determine if you have a Vitamin D deficiency and to monitor Vitamin D levels if you are on supplementation.

Also Known As: Ergocalciferol Test, Vitamin D2 Test, Cholecalciferol Test, Vitamin D3 Test, Calcidiol Test, 25-hydroxyvitamin D Test, Calcifidiol Test, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D Test, Vitamin D Total Test

Collection Method: Blood Draw

Specimen Type: Serum

Test Preparation: Fasting preferred, but not required.

Average Processing Time: 3 to 4 days

When is a Vitamin D test ordered?

When calcium levels are inadequate and/or a person exhibits symptoms of vitamin D deficiency, such as rickets in children and bone weakening, softness, or fracture in adults, 25-hydroxyvitamin D is frequently ordered to rule out a vitamin D deficit.

When a person is suspected of having a vitamin D deficiency, the test may be requested. Vitamin D deficiency is more common in older folks, people who are institutionalized or homebound and/or have minimal sun exposure, people who are obese, have had gastric bypass surgery, and/or have fat malabsorption. People with darker skin and breastfed babies are also included in this category.

Before starting osteoporosis medication, 25-hydroxyvitamin D is frequently requested.

What does a Vitamin D blood test check for?

Vitamin D is a group of chemicals that are necessary for the healthy development and growth of teeth and bones. The level of vitamin D in the blood is determined by this test.

Vitamin D is tested in the blood in two forms: 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The primary form of vitamin D found in the blood is 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which is a relatively inactive precursor to the active hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. 25-hydroxyvitamin D is routinely evaluated to assess and monitor vitamin D status in humans due to its longer half-life and higher concentration.

Endogenous vitamin D is created in the skin when exposed to sunshine, whereas exogenous vitamin D is taken through foods and supplements. Vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 have somewhat different molecular structures. Fortified foods, as well as most vitamin preparations and supplements, include the D2 form. The type of vitamin D3 produced by the body is also used in some supplements. When the liver and kidneys convert vitamin D2 and D3 into the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, they are equally effective.

Some tests may not differentiate between the D2 and D3 forms of vitamin D and just report the total result. Newer methods, on the other hand, may record D2 and D3 levels separately and then sum them up to get a total level.

Vitamin D's major function is to assist balance calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels in the blood. Vitamin D is necessary for bone growth and health; without it, bones become fragile, misshapen, and unable to mend themselves properly, leading to disorders such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Vitamin D has also been proven to influence the growth and differentiation of a variety of other tissues, as well as to aid in immune system regulation. Other illnesses, such as autoimmune and cancer, have been linked to vitamin D's other roles.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, two-thirds of the US population has adequate vitamin D, while one-quarter is at risk of inadequate vitamin D and 8% is at risk of insufficiency, as defined by the Institute of Medicine's Dietary Reference Intake.

The elderly or obese, persons who don't receive enough sun exposure, people with darker skin, and people who take certain drugs for lengthy periods of time are all at risk of insufficiency. Adequate sun exposure is usually defined as two intervals of 5-20 minutes each week. Vitamin D can be obtained through dietary sources or supplements by people who do not get enough sun exposure.

This test has 3 Biomarkers

  • Vitamin D Total which is a combined measurement of Vitamin D, 25-Oh, D2 and Vitamin 25-Oh, D3
  • Vitamin D, 25-Oh, D2 which is a measurement of ergocalciferol Vitamin D, which is Vitamin D obtained through plant sources. 
  • Vitamin D, 25-Oh, D3 which is a measurement of cholecalciferol Vitamin D, which is Vitamin D obtained through animal sources.

Lab tests often ordered with a Vitamin D test:

  • Complete Blood Count
  • CMP
  • Iron and TIBC
  • Calcium
  • Phosphorus
  • PTH
  • Magnesium

Conditions where a Vitamin D test is recommended:

  • Kidney Disease
  • Osteoporosis
  • Lymphoma
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Autoimmune Disorders
  • Celiac Disease
  • Malabsorption
  • Malnutrition

Commonly Asked Questions:

How does my health care provider use a Vitamin D test?

Determine whether a deficit or excess of vitamin D is causing bone weakening, deformity, or improper calcium metabolism.

Because PTH is required for vitamin D activation, it can aid in diagnosing or monitoring problems with parathyroid gland function.

Because vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is absorbed from the intestine like a fat, it can help monitor the health of people with conditions that interfere with fat absorption, such as cystic fibrosis and Crohn's disease.

People who have had gastric bypass surgery and may not be able to absorb adequate vitamin D should be closely monitored.

When vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and/or magnesium supplementation is suggested, it can help assess the success of the treatment.

What do my Vitamin D results result mean?

Despite the fact that vitamin D techniques differ, most laboratories use the same reference intervals. Because toxicity is uncommon, researchers have focused on the lower limit and what cut-off for total 25-hydroxyvitamin D shortage implies.

A low blood level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D could indicate that a person isn't getting enough sunlight or dietary vitamin D to meet his or her body's needs, or that there's an issue with absorption from the intestines. Seizure medications, notably phenytoin, might occasionally interfere with the liver's generation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

Vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to an increased risk of some malignancies, immunological illnesses, and cardiovascular disease.

Excessive supplementation with vitamin pills or other nutritional supplements frequently results in a high level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.


Clinical Significance
Micronutrient, Vitamin B12 - B12 is decreased in pernicious anemia, total or partial gastrectomy, malabsorption and certain congenital and biochemical disorders.

Patients must be 18 years of age or greater.

Reference Range(s)
≥18 years    200-1100 pg/mL
Reference range not available for individuals <18 years for this micronutrient test.


Description: A Vitamin B12 test is a blood test that measures the level of Vitamin B12 in the blood’s serum and is used to detect Vitamin B12 deficiency.

Also Known As:  B12 Test, Cobalamin Test, Vitamin B12 test, Serum B12 Test 

Collection Method: Blood Draw 

Specimen Type: Serum 

Test Preparation: No preparation required. 

Average Processing Time: 1 to 2 days

When is a Vitamin B12 test ordered?  

When a complete blood count and/or blood smear, performed as part of a health checkup or anemia evaluation, reveal a low red blood cell count with the presence of big RBCs, vitamin B12 levels may be ordered. A high mean corpuscular volume implies that the RBCs have grown in size. 

When a person exhibits the following signs and symptoms of a deficit, testing for B12 levels may be necessary: 

  • Diarrhea 
  • Dizziness 
  • Muscle weakness, fatigue 
  • Appetite loss. 
  • Skin that is pale 
  • Irregular heartbeats, rapid heart rate 
  • Breathing problems 
  • Tongue and mouth ache 
  • In the feet, hands, arms, and legs, there is tingling, numbness, and/or burning 
  • Confusion or obliviousness 
  • Paranoia 

When a person is at risk of deficiency, such as those with a history of malnutrition or a condition associated to malabsorption, B12 tests may be required. 

Individuals being treated for malnutrition or a B12 or folate deficit may have these tests done on a frequent basis to see how effective their treatments are. This could be part of a long-term therapy plan for people who have a disease that causes chronic deficiency.  

What does a Vitamin B12 blood test check for? 

Vitamin B12 is a member of the vitamin B complex. It is required for the creation of normal red blood cells, tissue and cell healing, and the synthesis of DNA, the genetic material in cells. Vitamin B12 is a nutrient that the body cannot make and must be obtained through the diet. 

Vitamin B12 deficiency is detected by measuring vitamin B12 in the liquid portion of the blood. 

A B12 deficiency can cause macrocytic anemia, which is characterized by red blood cells that are bigger than normal. Megaloblastic anemia is a kind of macrocytic anemia marked by the generation of fewer but larger RBCs known as macrocytes, as well as cellular abnormalities in the bone marrow. Reduced white blood cell and platelet count are two other test results linked to megaloblastic anemia. 

B12 is also necessary for nerve function, and a lack of it can induce neuropathy, which causes tingling and numbness in the hands and feet of those who are affected. 

B12 deficiency is most commonly caused by a lack of vitamin B12 in the diet or supplements, insufficient absorption, or an increased requirement, such as during pregnancy. 

Lab tests often ordered with a Vitamin B12 test: 

  • Folate 
  • Methylmalonic Acid (MMA) 
  • Homocysteine 
  • Vitamin B1 
  • Vitamin B2 
  • Vitamin B3 
  • Vitamin B5 
  • Vitamin B6 
  • Vitamin B7 
  • Rheumatoid factor 

Conditions where a Vitamin B12 test is recommended:

  • Vitamin B12 Deficiency 
  • Pernicious Anemia 
  • Nerve Damage 
  • Malabsorption 
  • Malnutrition 

How does my health care provider use a Vitamin B12 test? 

Vitamin B12 and folate are frequently used in conjunction to detect deficiencies and to aid in the diagnosis of anemias such as pernicious anemia, an inflammatory condition that inhibits B12 absorption. 

B12 and folate are two vitamins that the body cannot generate and must be obtained from the diet. They are essential for the creation of normal red blood cells, tissue and cell repair, and the synthesis of DNA, the genetic material in cells. B12 is required for normal nerve function. 

B12 and folate tests can also be used to assess someone who is experiencing mental or behavioral changes, especially in the elderly. A B12 test can be ordered with or without folate, as well as with other screening laboratory tests like a complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, antinuclear antibody, C-reactive protein, and rheumatoid factor to help determine why a person is exhibiting signs and symptoms of a nerve condition. 

B12 and folate tests can also be performed in conjunction with a variety of other tests to assess a person's overall health and nutritional status if they have signs and symptoms of substantial malnutrition or dietary malabsorption. People with alcoholism, liver disease, stomach cancer, or malabsorption diseases including celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or cystic fibrosis may fall into this category. 

Testing may be performed to assess the success of treatment in patients with known B12 and folate deficits. This is especially true for people who cannot absorb B12 and/or folate effectively and must be treated for the rest of their lives. 

Folate levels in the blood's serum might fluctuate depending on a person's recent diet. Because red blood cells contain 95 percent of circulating folate, a test to evaluate folate levels inside RBCs could be employed instead of or in addition to the serum test. Some doctors believe that the RBC folate test is a better predictor of long-term folate status and is more clinically useful than serum folate, however there is no consensus on this. 

Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid are two more laboratory tests that can be used to detect B12 and folate deficits. In B12 deficiency, both homocysteine and MMA are high, whereas in folate deficit, only homocysteine, not MMA, is elevated. This distinction is critical because treating anemia with folate treats the anemia but not the brain damage, which may be irreparable. 

What do my Vitamin B12 test results mean? 

Normal B12 and folate levels may indicate that a person does not suffer from a deficiency and that the signs and symptoms they are experiencing?are caused by something else. Normal levels, on the other hand, may indicate that a person's stored B12 and/or folate has not yet been depleted. 

A health practitioner may order a methylmalonic acid test as an early sign of B12 deficiency if a B12 level is normal but a deficiency is still suspected. 

A low B12 and/or folate level in a person with signs and symptoms implies a deficiency, although it does not always indicate the severity of the anemia or related neuropathy. Additional tests are frequently performed to determine the source of the deficit. Low B12 or folate levels can be caused by a variety of factors. 

Dietary folate or B12 deficiency, which?is uncommon in the United States. It can be evident in people who are malnourished in general and vegans who do not eat any animal products. Folate deficiency has become extremely rare since the development of fortified cereals, breads, and other grain products. 

Both B12 and folate deficits can be caused by diseases that prevent them from being absorbed in the small intestine. These may include the following: 

  • Pernicious anemia 
  • Celiac disease 
  • Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are examples of inflammatory bowel disease. 
  • Bacterial overgrowth or the presence of parasites in the intestines, such as tapeworms 
  • Long-term usage of antacids or H2 proton pump inhibitors reduces stomach acid production. 
  • Absorption can be considerably reduced by surgery that removes part of the stomach or the intestines, such as gastric bypass. 
  • Insufficiency of the pancreas 
  • Chronic alcoholism or heavy drinking 
  • Some treatments, such as metformin, omeprazole, methotrexate, or anti-seizure medications like phenytoin, are used. 
  • Increased requirements for healthy fetal development, all pregnant women require an increased amount of folate and are advised to consume 400 micrograms of folic acid every day. The need for folate is higher in those who have cancer that has spread or who have chronic hemolytic anemia. 
  • Smoking 

If a person is being treated for a B12 or folate deficit with supplements, normal or higher findings suggest that the treatment is working. 

High amounts of B12 are uncommon, and they aren't routinely evaluated clinically. If a person has a condition such chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, diabetes, heart failure, obesity, AIDS, or severe liver disease, their vitamin B12 level may be elevated. High B12 levels can also be caused by using estrogens, vitamin C, or vitamin A. 

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.


Description: A B12 and Folate test measures the levels of B12 and folic acid in the blood. These results can be used to determine a B12 and/or folate deficiency and evaluate a person's nutritional status. Anemia and Neuropathy can also be evaluated using the results from this test.

Also Known As: Vitamin B12 and Folate test, Cobalamin and Folic Acid Test, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B9 Test, Vitamin B12 Test, Vitamin B9 Test, Cobalamin Test, Folic Acid Test, Folate Test

Collection Method: Blood Draw

Specimen Type: Serum

Test Preparation: No preparation required

Average Processing Time: 1 to 2 days

When is Vitamin B12 and Folate panel test ordered?

When a complete blood count and/or blood smear, performed as part of a health checkup or anemia evaluation, reveal a low red blood cell count with the presence of big RBCs, B12 and folate levels may be ordered. A high mean corpuscular volume, in particular, implies that the RBCs are enlarged.

When a person exhibits the following signs and symptoms of a deficit, testing for B12 and folate levels may be necessary.

  • Diarrhea
  • Dizziness
  • Muscle weakness, fatigue
  • Appetite loss.
  • Skin that is pale
  • Irregular heartbeats, rapid heart rate
  • Breathing problems
  • Tongue and mouth ache
  • In the feet, hands, arms, and legs, there is tingling, numbness, and/or burning 
  • Confusion or obliviousness
  • Paranoia

When a person is at risk of deficiency, such as those with a history of malnutrition or a condition associated to malabsorption, B12 and folate testing may be ordered.

Individuals being treated for malnutrition or a B12 or folate deficit may have these tests done on a frequent basis to see how effective their treatments are. This could be part of a long-term therapy plan for people who have a disease that causes chronic deficiency.

What does a Vitamin B12 and Folate panel blood test check for?

The B complex of vitamins includes vitamins including vitamin B12 and folate. They are required for the creation of normal red blood cells, tissue and cell repair, and the synthesis of DNA, the genetic material in cells. Both are nutrients that the body cannot make and must be obtained from the diet.

Vitamin B12 and folate tests diagnose vitamin deficiencies by measuring vitamin levels in the liquid section of the blood. The amount of folate in red blood cells is sometimes tested as well.

Folate is a naturally occurring form of the vitamin, whereas folic acid is a supplement that can be added to foods and beverages. Leafy green vegetables, dry beans and peas, citrus fruits, yeast, and liver all contain it. Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, can be found in animal-based foods such red meat, fish, poultry, milk, yogurt, and eggs. Fortified cereals, breads, and other grain products have become key sources of B12 and folate in recent years.

A lack of B12 or folate can cause macrocytic anemia, a condition in which red blood cells are bigger than normal. Megaloblastic anemia is a kind of macrocytic anemia marked by the generation of fewer but larger RBCs known as macrocytes, as well as cellular abnormalities in the bone marrow. Reduced white blood cell and platelet counts are two more test results linked to megaloblastic anemia.

B12 is also necessary for nerve function, and a lack of it can induce neuropathy, which causes tingling and numbness in the hands and feet of those who are affected.

Folate is required for cell division, which occurs in the developing fetus. In a growing fetus, a lack of folate during early pregnancy can raise the chance of neural tube abnormalities such spina bifida.

B12 and folate deficiency is most commonly caused by not getting enough of the vitamins through diet or supplements, poor absorption, or increased requirement, as observed during pregnancy:

  • Dietary deficiencies are uncommon in the United States since many meals and beverages are fortified with vitamins that the body stores. Adults normally have many years' worth of vitamin B12 and around three months' worth of folate stored in their liver. Dietary deficiencies normally do not manifest symptoms until the body's vitamin supplies have been exhausted. Vegans and their breast-fed infants can suffer from B12 deficiency.
  • Inadequate absorption—the absorption of vitamin B12 is a multi-step process. B12 is normally released from food by stomach acid and then bound to intrinsic factor, a protein produced by parietal cells in the stomach, in the small intestine. After being absorbed by the small intestine and bound by carrier proteins, the B12-IF complex reaches the blood. B12 absorption is hampered if any of these processes are disrupted by a disease or condition.
  • Increased demand—this can occur as a result of a range of diseases and disorders. When a woman is pregnant or nursing, in early childhood, with malignancies, or with chronic hemolytic anemias, there is an increased demand for folate.

Lab tests often ordered with a Vitamin B12 and Folate panel test:

  • Complete Blood Count
  • Methylmalonic Acid
  • Homocysteine
  • Vitamin B1
  • Vitamin B3
  • Vitamin B5
  • Vitamin B6
  • Vitamin B7
  • Intrinsic Factor Antibody
  • Parietal Cell Antibody
  • Reticulocyte Count

Conditions where a Vitamin B12 and Folate panel test is recommended:

  • Neural Tube Defects
  • Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiencies
  • Anemia
  • Alcoholism
  • Malnutrition
  • Celiac Disease
  • Malabsorption
  • Neuropathy
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease

How does my health care provider use a Vitamin B12 and Folate panel test?

Separate tests for vitamin B12 and folate are frequently used in conjunction to detect deficiencies and to aid in the diagnosis of anemias such as pernicious anemia, an inflammatory condition that inhibits B12 absorption.

B12 and folate are two vitamins that the body cannot generate and must be obtained from the diet. They're needed for red blood cell creation, tissue and cell repair, and DNA synthesis, which is the genetic material in cells. B12 is required for normal nerve function.

B12 and folate tests can also be used to assess someone who is experiencing mental or behavioral changes, especially in the elderly. A B12 test can be ordered with or without folate, as well as with other screening laboratory tests like a complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, antinuclear antibody, C-reactive protein, and rheumatoid factor, to help determine why a person is exhibiting signs and symptoms of a nerve disorder.

B12 and folate tests can also be performed in conjunction with a variety of other tests to assess a person's overall health and nutritional status if they have signs and symptoms of substantial malnutrition or dietary malabsorption. People with alcoholism, liver disease, stomach cancer, or malabsorption diseases including celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or cystic fibrosis may fall into this category.

Testing may be performed to assess the success of treatment in patients with known B12 and folate deficits. This is especially true for people who cannot absorb B12 and/or folate effectively and must be treated for the rest of their lives.

Folate levels in the blood's liquid part might fluctuate depending on a person's recent diet. Because red blood cells contain 95 percent of circulating folate, a test to evaluate folate levels inside RBCs could be employed instead of or in addition to the serum test. Some doctors believe that the RBC folate test is a better predictor of long-term folate status and is more clinically useful than serum folate, however there is no consensus on this.

Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid are two more laboratory tests that can be used to detect B12 and folate deficits. In B12 deficiency, both homocysteine and MMA are high, whereas in folate deficit, only homocysteine, not MMA, is elevated. This distinction is critical because treating anemia with folate treats the anemia but not the brain damage, which may be irreparable.

What do my Vitamin B12 and Folate test results mean?

Normal B12 and folate levels may indicate that a person does not suffer from a deficiency and that the signs and symptoms are caused by something else. Normal levels, on the other hand, may indicate that a person's stored B12 and/or folate has not yet been depleted.

A health practitioner may request a methylmalonic acid test as an early sign of B12 insufficiency if a B12 level is normal but a deficiency is still suspected.

A low B12 and/or folate level in a person with signs and symptoms implies a deficiency, although it does not always indicate the severity of the anemia or related neuropathy. Additional tests are frequently performed to determine the source of the deficit. Low B12 or folate levels can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Dietary folate or B12 deficiency is uncommon in the United States. It can be evident in people who are malnourished in general and vegans who do not eat any animal products. Folate deficiency has become extremely rare since the development of fortified cereals, breads, and other grain products.

Both B12 and folate deficits can be caused by diseases that prevent them from being absorbed in the small intestine. These may include the following:

  • Pernicious anemia.
  • Celiac disease
  • Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
  • Bacterial overgrowth or the presence of parasites in the intestines, such as tapeworms
  • Long-term usage of antacids or H2 proton pump inhibitors reduces stomach acid production.
  • Absorption can be considerably reduced by surgery that removes part of the stomach or the intestines, such as gastric bypass.
  • Insufficiency of the pancreas
  • Chronic alcoholism or heavy drinking
  • Some treatments, such as omeprazole, metformin, methotrexate, and/or anti-seizure medications like phenytoin.
  • Increased requirement for healthy fetal development, all pregnant women require an increased amount of folate and are advised to consume 400 micrograms of folic acid every day. People who have cancer that has spread or who have chronic hemolytic anemia require more folate.
  • Smoking

If a person is taking supplements to treat a B12 or folate deficiency, normal or higher findings indicate that the treatment is working.

High amounts of B12 are uncommon, and they aren't routinely evaluated clinically. If a person has a condition such chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, diabetes, heart failure, obesity, AIDS, or severe liver disease, their vitamin B12 level may be elevated. High B12 levels can also be caused by using estrogens, vitamin C, or vitamin A.

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.


Description: Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity is a blood panel used to determine iron levels in your blood, your body’s ability to transport iron, and help diagnose iron-deficiency and iron overload.

Also Known As: Serum Iron Test, Serum Fe Test, Iron Binding Capacity Test, IBC Test, Serum Iron-Binding Capacity Siderophilin Test, TIBC Test, UIBC Test, Iron Lab Test, TIBC Blood test

Collection Method: Blood Draw

Specimen Type: Serum

Test Preparation: No preparation required

Average Processing Time: 1 to 2 days

When is a Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity test ordered?

When a doctor feels that a person's symptoms are caused by iron overload or poisoning, an iron and TIBC test, as well ferritin assays, may be done. These may include the following:

  • Joint discomfort
  • Weakness and exhaustion
  • Energy deficiency
  • Pain in the abdomen
  • Suffering from a lack of sexual desire
  • Problems with the heart

When a child is suspected of ingesting too many iron tablets, a serum iron test is required to detect the poisoning and to determine its severity.

A doctor may also request iron and TIBC when the results of a standard CBC test are abnormal, such as a low hematocrit or hemoglobin, or when a doctor suspects iron deficiency based on signs and symptoms such as:

  • Chronic tiredness/fatigue
  • Dizziness
  • Weakness
  • Headaches
  • Skin that is pale

What does a Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity blood test check for?

Iron is a necessary ingredient for survival. It is a vital component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that binds and releases oxygen in the lungs and throughout the body. It is required in small amounts to help form normal red blood cells and is a critical part of hemoglobin, the protein in RBCs that binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it as blood circulates to other parts of the body.

By detecting numerous components in the blood, iron tests are ordered to determine the quantity of iron in the body. These tests are frequently ordered at the same time, and the data are analyzed together to determine the diagnosis and/or monitor iron deficiency or overload.

The level of iron in the liquid component of the blood is measured by serum iron.

Total iron-binding capacity is a measurement of all the proteins in the blood that may bind to iron, including transferrin.

The percentage of transferrin that has not yet been saturated is measured by the UIBC. Transferrin levels are also reflected in the UIBC.

Low iron levels can cause anemia, resulting in a decrease in the production of microcytic and hypochromic RBCs. Large amounts of iron, on the other hand, might be hazardous to the body. When too much iron is absorbed over time, iron compounds build up in tissues, particularly the liver, heart, and pancreas.

Normally, iron is absorbed from food and distributed throughout the body by binding to transferrin, a liver protein. About 70% of the iron delivered is used in the synthesis of hemoglobin in red blood cells. The rest is stored as ferritin or hemosiderin in the tissues, with minor amounts being utilized to make other proteins like myoglobin and enzymes.

Insufficient intake, limited absorption, or increased dietary requirements, as observed during pregnancy or with acute or chronic blood loss, are all signs of iron deficiency. Excessive intake of iron pills can cause acute iron overload, especially in children. Excessive iron intake, genetic hemochromatosis, multiple blood transfusions, and a few other disorders can cause chronic iron overload.

Lab tests often ordered with a Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity test:

  • Complete Blood Count
  • Ferritin
  • Transferrin
  • Zinc Protoporphyrin

Conditions where a Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity test is recommended:

  • Anemia
  • Hemochromatosis

How does my health care provider use a Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity test?

The amount of circulating iron in the blood, the capacity of the blood to carry iron, and the amount of stored iron in tissues can all be determined by ordering one or more tests. Testing can also assist distinguish between different types of anemia

The level of iron in the blood is measured by serum iron.

Total iron-binding capacity is a measurement of all the proteins in the blood that may bind to iron, including transferrin. The TIBC test is a useful indirect assessment of transferrin because it is the predominant iron-binding protein. In response to the requirement for iron, the body generates transferrin. Transferrin levels rise when iron levels are low, and vice versa. About one-third of the binding sites on transferrin are used to transport iron in healthy humans.

The reserve capacity of transferrin, or the part of transferrin that has not yet been saturated, is measured by UIBC. Transferrin levels are also reflected in the UIBC.

The iron test result, as well as TIBC or UIBC, are used to calculate transferrin saturation. It represents the proportion of transferrin that is iron-saturated.

Ferritin is the major storage protein for iron inside cells, and serum ferritin represents the quantity of stored iron in the body.

These tests are frequently ordered together, and the results can assist the doctor figure out what's causing the iron deficit or overload.

Additional information about iron

A balance between the quantity of iron received into the body and the amount of iron lost is required to maintain normal iron levels. Because a tiny quantity of iron is lost each day, a deficiency will develop if too little iron is consumed. In healthy persons, there is usually enough iron to prevent iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia, unless they eat a bad diet. There is a greater need for iron in some circumstances. People who have persistent gut bleeding or women who have heavy menstrual periods lose more iron than they should and can develop iron deficiency. Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding lose iron to their babies and may develop an iron shortage if they do not consume enough supplemental iron. Children may require additional iron, especially during periods of rapid growth, and may suffer iron shortage.

Low serum iron can also arise when the body is unable to adequately utilize iron. The body cannot correctly utilize iron to generate additional red cells in many chronic disorders, particularly malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and chronic infections. As a result, transferrin production slows, serum iron levels drop because little iron is absorbed from the stomach, and ferritin levels rise. Malabsorption illnesses like sprue syndrome can cause iron deficiency.

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.



In 2015, over 3 million adults in the US were diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease), and that number continues to climb.

You're not alone if you or someone you love has inflammatory bowel disease or is going through diagnostic testing. There is a lot to know about IBD and all the inflammatory disease lab tests that pave the way to a diagnosis.

If you're unsure about how inflammatory disease is diagnosed, then keep reading this guide. You'll learn everything you need to know about IBD and IBD blood tests.

What Is Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

You've probably heard of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a condition that causes an irritable colon and cramps. While IBS can significantly impact your life, it doesn't cause damage to your digestive tract like inflammatory bowel disease does.

Another interesting fact is that you can have both IBD and IBS simultaneously, but having IBS doesn't increase your risk of developing IBD.

If you have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), you have an intestinal disorder that causes chronic, progressive, and damaging inflammation of your digestive tract. Your digestive tract includes your:

  • Mouth
  • Stomach
  • Esophagus
  • Large intestine
  • Small intestine

Your digestive tract breaks down the food you eat, takes in the nutrients, and eliminates waste products. When you have inflammation in some part of your digestive tract, it disrupts your normal digestive process and causes pain. Your body also doesn't absorb nutrients the same way.

There are several types of IBD, but the main two types are Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis.

Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that involves inflammation all along the lining of your digestive tract. While Crohn's disease can affect any part of your digestive tract, it primarily affects the end section of the small intestine.

The second type of inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis involves ulcers, sores, and inflammation along your colon and large intestine. Ulcerative colitis mainly affects the large intestine.

A less severe type of IBD exists called microscopic colitis, and it's intestinal inflammation that's only detectable by a microscope.

You'll find both Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in adults and children alike.

Cause of IBD

The exact cause of IBD isn't known, but family history and genetics may play a significant role. If you have a parent, sibling, or child with IBD, you have an increased risk of developing it yourself.

Risk Factors of IBD

Despite not knowing the exact cause, there are known risk factors besides that increase your chances of getting IBD.

Your immune system plays a role in developing IBD. Your immune system normally defends you from bacteria and any organisms that cause disease. Once the germ invasion is over, a healthy immune system will stop the attack.

With IBD, your immune system attacks your body's cells, causing digestive tract inflammation even when you don't have an infection.

Interestingly, smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for developing  Crohn's disease and increases complications. Yet ulcerative colitis usually affects nonsmokers or ex-smokers alike.

Your ethnicity is a risk factor within itself. Ethnic groups like Caucasians and the Ashkenazi Jewish have an increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease. 

IBD mainly affects people under 35 and who live in a cold climate or industrialized countries. IBD also typically affects both men and women equally.

Complications of IBD

If you have IBD, then you have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer due to chronic inflammation. Other complications you're at risk for include:

  • Anemia (low red blood cells)
  • Kidney stones
  • Liver disease
  • Malabsorption of nutrients
  • Osteoporosis
  • Narrowing of your anal canal (anal stenosis)

Serious complications include severe intestinal swelling and a hole (perforation) anywhere in your digestive tract. 

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptoms

Symptoms of IBD can vary from mild to severe, depending on the location and severity of your inflammation. Common symptoms of both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis include:

  • Diarrhea
  • Weight loss
  • Abdominal cramping
  • Abdominal pain
  • Bloody stool
  • Reduced appetite
  • Gas and bloating

You may also notice the presence of mucus or blood in your stool. Since IBD decreases your ability to absorb nutrients, people tend to suffer from a vitamin b12 deficiency.

IBD Blood Tests

There is no one specific blood test that can diagnose IBD, but IBD blood tests are an essential tool in the overall diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and monitoring of the condition.

It's best to get testing from a reliable and affordable service such as Ulta Lab Tests. You don't need a physician's referral, and the specific blood tests that are appropriate for each condition are easy to choose with Ulta Lab Tests.

Ulta Lab Tests offers many different IBD blood test panels to fit your needs, ranging from basic to comprehensive panels. IBD blood tests in most panels include:

complete blood count (CBC) which measures your blood levels like platelets, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and red blood cells.

Next, a C-reactive protein (CRP) blood test which detects inflammation in the body and may be tested again after an IBD diagnosis after treatment begins.

Your doctor may also order a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP). A CMP includes 14 different measurements of your blood sugar, nutrients, kidney, and liver levels.

A CMP also checks your electrolyte levels like potassium, chloride, and sodium. The CMP gives a great picture of your overall health.

Antibody Testing for IBD

Other inflammatory bowel disease lab tests involve antibody testing. Antibodies are proteins made by your immune system to fight off invasions from bacteria and germs. 

The most common test is the Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) test. Your immune system produces autoantibodies that mistakenly attack proteins in the neutrophils of your white blood cells.

The ANCA test can help to detect the type of inflammatory bowel disease you have. Over 80% of people with ulcerative colitis will have ANCA, while only 20% of Crohn's disease is positive. 

Another standard antibody test for IBD is immunoglobulin antibodies. Your body produces different types of immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is in the membranes of your lungs, stomach, and intestines.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most common antibody in your blood and protects you against infection by remembering germs of the past. Both IgA and IgG help differentiate the type of IBD you have.

Other lab tests may include iron studies and vitamin b12 levels to assess anemia and stool tests to check for parasites and other organisms.

The 40 Key Lab Tests for IBD

Are you interested in learning about the forty key lab tests that are used to monitor inflammatory bowel disease? Here's what you need to know: The key lab tests to help identify inflammatory bowel disease include:

1. Blood Culture

blood culture checks for yeast, bacteria, and other types of microorganisms in your blood. If there's a positive result in your blood culture, it's a sign that you have a type of pathogen in your body that could be causing the symptoms that you're experiencing. 


2. C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

C-Reactive protein, also referred to as CRP, is a blood test marker that measures the level of inflammation found in your body. If there's an increased level of CRP identified in your blood test, it means that's there's inflammation in your body, which is also commonly found in individuals with irritatable bowel disease.


3. CBC

A CBC test, which stands for complete blood count, is completed on individuals who are suffering from diarrhea. If diarrhea is one of the symptoms that you're experiencing, a CBC will be used to measure for an infection in your body. This blood test is also used to detect anemia, which could be a sign that you're experiencing bleeding in your digestive tract. 


4. Comprehensive Metabolic Panel

comprehensive metabolic panel will allow medical professionals to evaluate if you have a metabolic disorder if one of the symptoms you've experienced is unexplained weight loss. It'll also provide medical professionals with better insight if you have an electrolyte or dehydration abnormalities if you're experiencing diarrhea. 


5. Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)

This blood test is used to let medical professionals if your red blood cells are being coated in vivo with immunoglobin, complement, or a mixture of both. A positive test rule for a direct antiglobulin test is a possible sign of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, a hemolytic transfusion reaction, or immune hemolysis induced by drug use. 


6. Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin blood tests measure the Erythropoietin hormone, which is produced in your kidneys. This hormone is responsible for the production of red blood cells, which ensure that oxygen is carried from your lungs throughout the rest of your body. 


7. ESR

An erythrocyte sedimentation rate blood test takes a measurement of how quickly your red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube. By measuring how quickly your red blood cells fall to the bottom of the test tube that contains a sample of your blood, medical professionals are able to identify signs of inflammation in your body. 


8. Fecal Occult Blood

fecal occult blood test checks your stool samples for hidden blood. Any occult blood that's found in your stool samples can indicate polyps in your colon, rectum, or even colon cancer. 


9. Ferritin

ferritin blood test measures the level of iron that's found in your blood. If your ferritin stores are too low, it's a sign that you have an iron deficiency, which can be a result of a Crohn's disease-causing your body to poorly absorb nutrients. 


10. Folate

folate test measures the level of folic acid available in your blood. Folic acid is Vitamin B-9, which ensures the healthy production of red blood cells.


11. G6PD

G6PD is an abbreviation for glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, which is an enzyme that supports the functioning of red blood cells. This blood test identifies if there's a genetic disorder present, where your body isn't producing enough of this enzyme.  


12. Gram Stain

A gram stain test that's used to detect the presence of bacteria in a sample, which can identify an infection. 


13. H. Pylori

H. Pylori is a type of bacteria that can live in your digestive tract, resulting in ulcers and the thinning of the lining of your smaller intestine and your stomach.


14. Haptoglobin

haptoglobin blood test measures the amount of haptoglobin located in your bloodstream. This enzyme is responsible for binding with hemoglobin.  


15. Hematocrit

Hematocrit blood test measures the ratio of the volume of your total blood to the volume of red blood cells. 


16. Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a type of protein in your blood that's responsible for carrying oxygen to your organs and tissues, while also aiding in moving carbon dioxide back into your lungs for you to exhale. The hemoglobin test measures the level of hemoglobin found in your blood.

17. Hemoglobinopathy Evaluation

hemoglobinopathy evaluation identifies if an individual has an abnormal form of hemoglobin. In addition, this test also measures to see if there's a decreased level of hemoglobin found in the blood. 


18. Intrinsic Factor Antibody

Intrinsic factor antibodies are a type of protein that your immune system produces when fighting against pernicious anemia. If there's a positive detection for this antibody in your blood, it can be an indicator that you have pernicious anemia. 


19. Iron, Total and Total Iron Binding Capacity

A total iron test measures the level of iron in your blood. A total iron-binding capacity  identifies how well iron is moving throughout your body. 


20. Methylmalonic Acid

Methylmalonic acid is created when your body digests protein. If there's an elevated level of methylmalonic acid found in your blood, it's a sign that you have a Vitamin B-12 deficiency. 


21. Parietal Cell Antibody

Parietal cells are created when your body needs to absorb Vitamin B12. A parietal cell antibody blood testidentifies antibodies  that are fighting against the parietal cells in your stomach. 

 
22. Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT, aPTT)

Partial thromboplastin time is also referred to as activated partial thromboplastin time, which is a screening test that identifies how well your body is able to form a blood clot. 


23. Prothrombin Time and International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR)

prothrombin time test is used to identify a bleeding disorder or if you have an excessive clotting disorder. An international normalized ratio is calculated based on the results of your prothrombin time results. 


24. Reticulocyte Count

reticulocyte count is a type of blood test that measures how quickly your bone marrows produce red blood cells and release these cells into your blood. If there's an elevated level of reticulocyte (immature red blood cells), it's a tool that's used to diagnose hemolytic anemia. 


25. Sickle Cell Screen

sickle cell blood test identifies any misformed red blood cells, which is a tool that's used to diagnose sickle cell anemia. 


26. Soluble Transferrin Receptor

Soluble transferrin receptors are a type of protein that is found in the blood when a person is experiencing an elevated level of iron deficiency. By measuring the total amount of soluble transferrin receptors, this blood test is used as a tool to diagnose anemia. 


27. Transferrin

Transferrin is a protein that's responsible for binding iron in the blood for transportation. By testing the total level of transferrin the blood, medical professionals can identify how well your body is able to bind iron.


28. Urine Culture

urine culture is tested to identify the presence of bacteria in the urine, which could be a result of an infection in the urethra. If you're experiencing abdominal pain, a urine culture may be ordered by your medical professional to rule out a UTI. 


29. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

The Vitamin B12 blood test is an important test used in detecting Crohn's disease. In individuals that have undiagnosed Crohn's, their small intestine doesn't properly absorb nutrients, which is why a Vitamin B12 blood test is essential in receiving a proper diagnosis.


30. White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

A white blood cell count blood test is used to identify the level of white blood cells in your bloodstream. If your WBC test results are elevated, it's a sign that your body is fighting off inflammation or an infection somewhere in your body. This WBC test is included in the CBC test.


31. Lactoferrin

Lactoferrin tests require a stool sample to detect the levels of inflammation in the intestines. The lactoferrin protein is released by a neutrophil, which is a type of white blood cell. When there's inflammation in your digestive tract, neutrophil will release lactoferrin. 

An elevated level of this protein in your stool is an indicator that your intestines are inflamed. 


32. Calprotectin

Another type of protein that's released by neutrophil (a type of white blood cell), a calprotectin test requires a stool sample to identify if elevated levels of this protein are found in your stool. This test is used as a way to identify if there's inflammation in your intestines.


33. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies

Used to exclude or diagnose microscopy polyangiitis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies  that are created to fight against antibodies that are located in the cytoplasmic granules of monocytes and neutrophils.


34. ANCA Screen with Reflex to ANCA Titer

An ANCA screen with reflex to ANCA titer test is used to identify anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. The discovery of these antibodies has been found in individuals with autoimmune hepatitis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease.

35. ANCA Screen with MPO and PR3, with Reflex to ANCA Titer

ANCA screen with MP0 and PR3, with reflex to ANCA titer, is another test that's used to identify anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. These antibodies have been identified in individuals that have been diagnosed with inflammatory bowel diseases.

36. ANCA Vasculitides

By testing for ANCA vasculitides (an abbreviation for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies), medical professionals are able to use this blood test to develop a diagnosis for bowel diseases. 


37. IgG, IgA, Indirect Immunofluorescence

The IgG, IgA, indirect immunofluorescence test provides medical professionals with a tool to identify the titer and presence of the circulating anti-epithelial cell and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies.


38. Proteinase-3 Antibody

The proteinase-3 antibody blood test is a serologic marker for active granulomatosis. A positive test result for these antibodies aids in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease.


39. Myeloperoxidase Antibody (MPO)

myeloperoxidase antibody blood test identifies this antibody in individuals who are suspected of having inflammatory bowel disease. A positive blood test for this antibody is an indication of the possibility of one of several diseases, such as IBD. 


40. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Differentiation Panel

The inflammatory bowel disease differentiation panel is a useful tool for medical professionals that provide them with the ability to distinguish a diagnosis between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis if you've reported symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. 

Other IBD Diagnostic Tests

In addition to blood tests, proper diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease also requires other diagnostic tests. First, your doctor will likely order standard diagnostic procedures to visualize your digestive tract like:

  • A colonoscopy views your entire colon with a long flexible tube
  • An upper endoscopy views your esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
  • A flexible sigmoidoscopy views the last part of your colon 

Nowadays, many doctors order a capsule endoscopy. With capsule endoscopy, you swallow a capsule with a camera inside. This capsule travels through your entire digestive tract while taking pictures. The images then transmit to your doctor, and the capsule comes out in your stool when it's finished.

Endoscopic procedures allow for biopsies of your digestive tract so a pathologist can look for inflammation and signs of IBD.

You'll also have to get different scans and images. Standard imaging tests include:

  • An x-ray of your entire abdomen to rule out severe complications
  • A CT scan of your small and large intestines
  • An MRI can take detailed images of your organs and tissues

Often, patients must do a specialized CT scan called a CT Enterography. This CT is a specialized CT scan that gives clear images of your intestines and bowels. A CT enterography requires you to drink a large amount of barium right before the scan.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment

There are different treatments for IBD, depending on your symptoms and severity. Usually, the first step in treating Crohn's disease or Ulcerative colitis involves medications.

IBD medications focus on reducing inflammation and regulating the immune system. Steroids, immunosuppressants like Methotrexate, and biologics like Humira are common choices. Often people take probiotics and antidiarrheal medications too.

Sometimes diet changes are helpful as certain foods will aggravate your digestive tract due to inflammation. Eating less sugar and carbohydrates is helpful. Most doctors recommend you increase your protein, vitamin, and mineral intake.

Sometimes despite medications and diet changes, you can still get severe IBD that causes blockages and scarring. In this case, people turn to surgical options.

Options for IBD surgery are the removal of sections of the damaged colon. If the damaged area is large enough, a temporary or permanent colostomy is put into place.

Frequently Asked Questions 

It's overwhelming to face the diagnosis of a new condition. There are so many questions and so much research ahead. It's best to start with the answers to the most commonly asked questions about IBD.

  • There is no cure for IBD
  • IBD is a chronic and lifelong condition
  • You will likely have to take medications for the rest of your life
  • You will still have to take maintenance medications when you feel well
  • Sometimes IBD becomes milder after the age of 60
  • You'll need more frequent colonoscopies

Remember, IBD is for life, but there is so much you can do these days to manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life.

IBD Blood Tests

Remember, inflammatory bowel disease doesn't have to run your life. You can take charge by using Ulta Lab Tests for your IBD blood tests. 

Ulta Lab Tests are secure, confidential, and affordable. You don't need insurance or a doctor's referral.

When you order an inflammatory bowel disease lab test, you'll have secure and confidential results available to you within 24 to 48 hours.

Our testing process is the easiest in the industry. We work alongside Quest Diagnostics to provide reliable analysis of samples collected at certified facilities.

The entire procedure takes only a few days, with the test itself requiring roughly 30 minutes. Of course, some of the more complex test panels can take slightly longer.

Don't gamble with your future. Get a clear snapshot of your health and medical condition with a full suite of tests provided by Ulta Lab Tests. Make sure you contact us today to take charge of your health tomorrow.