Depression

Depression is a clinical condition, but many medical issues can mimic or worsen depressive symptoms—including thyroid disease, anemia, vitamin and iron deficiencies, diabetes, hormone changes, infections, and some medicines or substances. Blood testing does not diagnose depression itself; instead, it helps find reversible contributors, establish baselines before or during treatment, and monitor overall health.

A proactive plan usually starts with CBC/CMPthyroid (TSH ± Free T4)vitamin B12 with methylmalonic acid (MMA)vitamin DA1c/fasting glucose, and iron studies. Depending on age and symptoms, add testosterone (men, morning)prolactinestradiol/FSH (perimenopause), inflammation markers (CRP/hs-CRP), and cortisol when adrenal concerns arise. In selected cases, clinicians add HIV/syphilis screening or other tests. Use these labs to screentriage, and monitor trends alongside your clinician’s evaluation.

Signs, Symptoms & Related Situations

  • Mood, energy, cognition: persistent sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, slowed thinking, trouble concentrating, sleep changes

  • Physical clues: weight or appetite change, headaches, body aches, GI upset, low libido

  • Medical contexts: thyroid symptoms (cold intolerance, hair thinning), heavy periods or blood loss, diabetes or prediabetes, chronic pain/inflammation, postpartum or perimenopausal change, low testosterone signs in men

  • Medication/substance factors: alcohol/heavy drinking, sedatives/opioids/stimulants, new supplements

  • Urgent help now: thoughts of harming yourself or others, or inability to care for basic needs—seek emergency care immediately

Symptoms require evaluation by a qualified clinician.

Why These Tests Matter

What testing can do

  • Reveal medical contributors (e.g., hypothyroidism, anemia, low B12/folate, vitamin D or iron deficiency, diabetes, low testosterone)

  • Clarify risk patterns (metabolic or inflammatory) that may affect mood and energy

  • Establish baselines and support treatment safety monitoring (liver, kidney, electrolytes)

What testing cannot do

  • Diagnose depression or replace a mental-health assessment

  • Determine psychological, social, or sleep contributors on its own

  • Provide treatment or dosing advice—review results with your clinician

What These Tests Measure (at a glance)

  • CBC (Complete Blood Count): checks for anemia or infection that can cause fatigue or low mood.

  • CMP (Comprehensive Metabolic Panel): electrolyteskidney/liver function; low sodium or abnormal LFTs may affect symptoms and medication safety.

  • Thyroid Panel (TSH ± Free T4): rules out hypo-/hyperthyroidism; consider TPO antibodies if autoimmune disease is suspected.

  • Vitamin B12 with MMA ± Folate: MMA rises with functional B12 deficiency, even when B12 looks “normal.”

  • Vitamin D (25-OH): low levels can relate to low energy and bone/muscle health.

  • Iron Studies (Ferritin, Iron/TIBC, Transferrin Saturation): low stores contribute to fatigue, brain fog, and restless legs.

  • Glucose/A1c (± fasting insulin): screens for prediabetes/diabetes that can lower energy and mood.

  • Inflammation (CRP/hs-CRP, ± ESR): identifies systemic inflammation that may correlate with somatic symptoms.

  • Hormones (as indicated):

    • Men: Total testosterone (morning) ± free T/SHBGprolactin

    • Perimenopause: Estradiol/FSH (clinician-directed)

  • Adrenal context: AM cortisol (± ACTH) in selected cases with clear clinical suspicion.

  • Infections (as indicated): HIV 4th-generationsyphilis tests when risk factors or exam point that way.

Quick Build Guide

Goal Start with Add if needed
First-line medical screen for depression CBC • CMP • TSH • B12 + MMA • Vitamin D • A1c Ferritin/Iron/TIBC • CRP/hs-CRP
Marked fatigue/brain fog CBC • Ferritin • B12 + MMA • TSH Vitamin D • CMP
Weight/sleep or metabolic concerns A1c • CMP • TSH Lipid panel • CRP/hs-CRP
Men with low libido/ED AM Total Testosterone Free T/SHBG • Prolactin • TSH
Perimenopausal symptoms TSH • Ferritin • Vitamin D Estradiol/FSH (clinician-directed)
Medication safety baseline CMP • CBC Add others per clinician plan
Atypical features/risk factors CBC • CMP • TSH • B12 + MMA HIV 4th-gen • Syphilis tests (as indicated)

How the Testing Process Works

  1. Choose your starting set based on symptoms and goals (see Quick Build Guide).

  2. Provide samples: standard blood draw; fasting only if your order includes fasting lipids/glucose.

  3. Check pre-analytical details: schedule morning testosterone for men; list current meds/supplements on your order.

  4. View results securely: most post within a few days.

  5. Plan next steps: review results with your clinician; add targeted tests or monitoring as needed.

Interpreting Results (General Guidance)

  • Low B12 with elevated MMA → suggests true B12 deficiency; discuss causes and follow-up.

  • TSH abnormal → thyroid imbalance can drive mood, energy, and sleep symptoms.

  • Low ferritin or anemia → can cause fatigue and cognitive complaints; confirm and address with your clinician.

  • High A1c/glucose → metabolic drivers may affect mood and energy; trends matter.

  • Elevated CRP/hs-CRP → signals inflammation; interpret with history and exam.

  • Low morning testosterone (men) → repeat AM and consider free T/SHBG and prolactin.
    Always interpret patterns over time with a qualified healthcare professional.

Choosing Panels vs. Individual Tests

  • Foundational screen: CBC • CMP • TSH • B12 + MMA • Vitamin D • A1c

  • Fatigue/iron focus: Ferritin • Iron/TIBC • Transferrin Saturation

  • Hormone add-ons: AM Total Testosterone ± Free T/SHBG • Prolactin (men); Estradiol/FSH(clinician-directed)

  • Inflammation/metabolic: CRP/hs-CRP • Lipid panel

  • Targeted infection screen: HIV 4th-gen • Syphilis tests when indicated

FAQs

Can blood tests diagnose depression?
No. They identify medical contributors and set baselines. Diagnosis requires a clinician’s assessment.

Which labs are most common for depression workups?
CBC, CMP, TSH, B12 + MMA, vitamin D, A1c, and often iron studies.

Do I need to fast?
Only if your order includes fasting lipids or fasting glucose.

Why test B12 and MMA together?
MMA rises when tissues are short on B12, even if serum B12 looks normal—useful for early deficiency.

Can hormones play a role?
Yes. Low testosterone in men or perimenopausal shifts can affect mood and energy. Testing is tailored to symptoms.

What if my labs are normal but I still feel depressed?
Labs are one piece. Continue working with your clinician on comprehensive care and supports.

I’m in crisis—what should I do?
If you’re thinking about self-harm, seek emergency help immediately (call local emergency services or go to the nearest ER).

Related Categories & Key Tests

  • Neurological Disorders Tests Hub

  • Brain Health • All Cognitive Health Tests • Thyroid Tests • Men’s/Women’s Hormone Health • Diabetes Health • Vitamin & Nutrient Tests • Inflammation Tests

  • Key Tests: CBC • CMP • TSH • Free T4 • TPO Antibodies • Vitamin B12 • MMA • Folate • Vitamin D (25-OH) • Ferritin • Iron/TIBC • Transferrin Saturation • A1c • Fasting Glucose • CRP/hs-CRP • Lipid Panel • Total Testosterone (AM) • Free T/SHBG • Prolactin • Estradiol/FSH • AM Cortisol • HIV 4th-generation • Syphilis tests

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Depression in adults: recognition and management.
  • American Academy of Family Physicians. Initial evaluation of depression: laboratory and medical conditions.
  • American Thyroid Association. Thyroid Function Testing Guidance.
  • Endocrine Society. Testosterone Deficiency Guideline (men).
  • American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes.
  • NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D fact sheets.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV and Syphilis testing recommendations.

Available Tests & Panels

Your Depression Tests menu is pre-populated in the Ulta Lab Tests system. Start with a foundational screen (CBC, CMP, TSH, B12 + MMA, vitamin D, A1c), then use filters to add iron studiesinflammation markershormone tests, and targeted infection screens as needed. Follow collection instructions and review results with your clinician to confirm findings and plan monitoring.

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The Magnesium RBC Test measures magnesium inside red blood cells, providing a more accurate assessment of magnesium status than serum tests. Magnesium is vital for energy production, muscle and nerve function, heart rhythm, and bone health. Low levels may cause fatigue, cramps, arrhythmias, or weakness, while high levels may signal kidney issues. Doctors order this test to detect deficiency, monitor therapy, and evaluate overall metabolic and nutritional health.

Other
Phlebotomist
Also Known As: Magnesium Red Bood Cell Test, Mg Test, Mag Test

The Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) DNA Mutation Analysis detects genetic variants in the MTHFR gene that affect folate metabolism and homocysteine regulation. Mutations may increase risk for blood clots, cardiovascular disease, pregnancy complications, or certain neurological conditions. Doctors use this test to evaluate unexplained blood clotting, high homocysteine levels, or family history of related disorders.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: MTHFR Factor Test, MTHFR Mutation Test, MTHFR Gene Mutation Test, Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Test, MTHFR Disease Test

The Methylmalonic Acid (MMA) Blood Test measures MMA levels in the bloodstream to help detect vitamin B12 deficiency, often before anemia or neurological symptoms appear. Elevated results may indicate poor B12 absorption, pernicious anemia, or metabolic disorders. Doctors order this test when patients present with fatigue, neuropathy, or unexplained anemia. Results provide early insight into nutritional status, metabolic health, and treatment needs.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: MMA Test

The Methylmalonic Acid Urine Test measures MMA levels to help detect vitamin B12 deficiency and assess metabolic health. Elevated MMA indicates impaired B12-dependent enzyme function, which may lead to anemia or nervous system damage. Doctors order this test to investigate unexplained fatigue, weakness, or neurological symptoms. It is often used with serum B12 testing for early, accurate detection and monitoring of deficiency.

Urine
Urine Collection
Also Known As: MMA Urine Test

The QuestAssureD™ Vitamin D 25-Hydroxy Total Test for Infants measures total vitamin D levels to evaluate bone health, calcium balance, and overall growth. Adequate vitamin D is essential for skeletal development, immune function, and preventing rickets. Physicians use this test to identify deficiency, monitor supplementation, and ensure infants receive the nutrients needed for proper development and long-term health.

Blood
Blood Draw

The RPR (Monitor) with Reflex to Titer Test screens for syphilis by detecting antibodies to Treponema pallidum. If positive, a reflex titer determines antibody concentration to assess disease activity and treatment response. Doctors order this test to diagnose syphilis, monitor therapy, or check reinfection. Results provide essential information for managing active infection, confirming treatment success, and guiding follow-up care.

Also Known As: Syphilis RPR Test, Rapid Plasma Reagin Test

Most Popular

The T3 Reverse (rT3) Test measures reverse triiodothyronine, an inactive thyroid hormone, to assess thyroid and metabolic function. High rT3 may occur in hypothyroidism, chronic illness, stress, or during certain treatments, while low levels may reflect hormone imbalance. Doctors use this test along with TSH, Free T4, and Free T3 to evaluate fatigue, weight changes, or slow metabolism. The rT3 Test provides insight into thyroid regulation, energy balance, and endocrine health.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Reverse T3 Test, RT3 Test, T3R Test

Most Popular

The T3 Total Test measures total triiodothyronine (T3), a combination of both bound and unbound (free) T3, to assess thyroid function. Abnormal levels may indicate hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, or pituitary disorders. Doctors use this test to evaluate symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, anxiety, or irregular heartbeat and to monitor thyroid treatment. The T3 Total Test provides essential insight into metabolism, energy regulation, and overall endocrine health.

Also Known As: Total T3 Test, Total Triiodothyronine Test, T3 Test, Bound and Unbound T3

Most Popular

The T3 Free Test measures free triiodothyronine (T3), the active thyroid hormone not bound to proteins, to assess thyroid function. It helps diagnose hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, and pituitary disorders. Doctors order this test to evaluate symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, anxiety, or irregular heartbeat and to monitor thyroid replacement or antithyroid therapy. The Free T3 Test provides key insight into metabolism, energy regulation, and overall endocrine health.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Free T3 Test, Free Triiodothyronine Test, FT3 Test, T3F Test, Unbound T3 Test

Most Popular

The T4 Total Test measures total thyroxine (T4) in blood, a combination of both bound and unbound (free) T4, to assess thyroid function. Abnormal levels may indicate hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goiter, or pituitary disorders. Doctors use this test to evaluate symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, hair loss, or irregular heart rate and to monitor thyroid replacement or antithyroid therapy. The T4 Total Test provides key insight into metabolic, hormonal, and endocrine health.

Also Known As: Total T4 Test, Total Thyroxine Test, T4 Test, Bound and Unbound T4 Test

Most Popular

The T4 Free Test measures the level of free thyroxine (T4) in blood, the active thyroid hormone not bound to proteins. It helps diagnose thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and goiter, as well as pituitary conditions affecting hormone regulation. Doctors use this test to evaluate symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, hair loss, or irregular heartbeat and to monitor thyroid replacement or antithyroid therapy, providing insight into metabolic and endocrine health.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Free T4 Test, Free Thyroxine Test, FT4 Test, T4F Test, Unbound T4 Test

The Testosterone Free and Total Test measures total testosterone and free, bioavailable testosterone in blood for both men and women. It helps diagnose hormone imbalance, infertility, low libido, erectile dysfunction in men, irregular periods, or PCOS in women. Doctors also order it to assess fatigue, mood changes, or muscle weakness and to monitor hormone therapy. This test provides key insight into reproductive, endocrine, and overall metabolic health.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Bound and Unbound Testosterone, Uncapped Testosterone Test

The Testosterone Free, Bioavailable, and Total Test measures total testosterone, free testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone, along with sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin. This test provides a complete evaluation of hormone balance in men and women. Doctors use it to assess infertility, erectile dysfunction, low libido, PCOS, fatigue, or muscle loss and to monitor hormone therapy. Results offer key insight into reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic health.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Bound Unbound and Bioavailable Testosterone with SHBG Test, Uncapped Testosterone

The Testosterone Free and Total and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) Test measures total testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG to assess hormone balance in men and women. It helps diagnose infertility, erectile dysfunction, low libido, irregular periods, PCOS, and abnormal puberty. Doctors also use it to evaluate fatigue, muscle weakness, or mood changes and to monitor hormone therapy. This test provides a comprehensive view of reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic health.

Also Known As: Bound and Unbound Testosterone with SHBG Test, Uncapped Testosterone Test

The Testosterone Total Test measures total testosterone levels in blood to evaluate reproductive, sexual, and endocrine health. In men, it helps diagnose hypogonadism, infertility, erectile dysfunction, or low libido. In women, abnormal levels may indicate PCOS or hormonal imbalance. Doctors use this test to investigate fatigue, muscle weakness, or mood changes and to monitor testosterone therapy. It provides key insight into hormone balance and metabolic health.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Total Testostone LCMS Test, Uncapped Testosterone Test

 The TH-1 Thyroid Health panel is a basic yet essential set of tests focused on evaluating the primary aspects of thyroid function. This panel includes assessments for Free T4 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), providing a foundational understanding of thyroid health and activity.
Blood
Blood Draw

 The TH-2 Thyroid Health panel is a comprehensive set of tests designed to evaluate thyroid function more extensively than basic screenings. It includes assessments of both bound and unbound thyroid hormones, providing a detailed picture of thyroid activity and metabolism.
Blood
Blood Draw, Phlebotomist

 The TH-3 Thyroid Health panel is a comprehensive set of tests designed to provide an in-depth evaluation of thyroid function and autoimmunity. This panel assesses the levels of thyroid hormones, including the active and inactive forms, and checks for antibodies that indicate an autoimmune thyroid disorder.
Blood
Blood Draw, Phlebotomist

 The TH-4 Thyroid Health panel represents the most comprehensive evaluation in the series, designed to assess thyroid function extensively, including thyroid hormone levels, autoimmunity, and specific markers indicative of autoimmune thyroid diseases. This panel is particularly valuable for diagnosing complex thyroid conditions and monitoring autoimmune thyroid disorders.
Blood
Blood Draw, Phlebotomist

Blood
Blood Draw, Phlebotomist

The Thyroid Peroxidase and Thyroglobulin Antibodies Test measures TPO and TgAb antibodies that target thyroid enzymes and proteins essential for hormone production. High levels are linked to autoimmune thyroid disorders such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. Doctors order this test to evaluate fatigue, weight changes, neck swelling, or irregular heartbeat and to confirm thyroid autoimmunity. It provides vital insight into thyroid function and endocrine health.

Also Known As: Thyroid Antibodies Test, TPO and TgAb Test

Most Popular

The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Test measures TSH levels in blood to assess thyroid function and diagnose hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. It evaluates how the thyroid controls metabolism, energy, weight, and heart rate. Doctors use the TSH test to investigate symptoms such as fatigue, hair loss, or mood changes. Frequently included in routine health exams, it is also key for monitoring thyroid disease treatment and overall endocrine balance.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Test, Thyrotropin Test

Most Popular

The Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin (TSI) Test detects antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland, often causing hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease. High TSI levels may lead to symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, or eye problems. Doctors order this test to confirm Graves’ disease, monitor treatment, or assess relapse risk. Results provide essential insight into autoimmune thyroid disorders and guide personalized management strategies.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin Test

The Vitamin B12 Micronutrient Test measures blood levels of vitamin B12, essential for red blood cell production, nerve health, and DNA synthesis. Deficiency can cause anemia, fatigue, neurological issues, and cognitive changes. This test helps identify dietary deficiencies, absorption problems, or related health conditions, supporting diagnosis and ongoing management of overall wellness.

Patient must be 18 years of age or older.
Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: B12 Test, Cobalamin Test

Most Popular

The Vitamin B12 Test measures cobalamin levels in blood to evaluate nutritional health, red blood cell production, and nervous system function. Low B12 can cause anemia, fatigue, weakness, memory problems, and nerve damage, while high levels may indicate liver or kidney disease. Doctors use this test to detect B12 deficiency, monitor treatment, and assess malabsorption conditions like pernicious anemia, Crohn’s disease, or celiac disease.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: B12 Test, Cobalamin Test

Depression afflicts 264 million people across the world.

Amid a pandemic and other traumatic events, mental health is now more important than ever.

You may have down moments, but what if you're not sure if you actually have depression? Or maybe you are certain you are suffering from depression, but don't know why.

Depression can be caused by external factors, but it can also stem from other health issues. Depression blood tests may help you narrow down the cause so you can start working on a solution.

Here is what you need to know about depression and how lab tests for depression can help.

What Is Depression?

At its most simple description, depression causes feelings of sadness. It also causes you to lose interest in people or activities that you previously cared about. Depression is common, but that doesn't take away from the severity of this affliction.

Depression can interfere with personal relationships, work, and school. It's common to encounter grief after a sad event. But when symptoms continue for a long period, you may be dealing with mental illness.

Risk Factors for Depression

Depression can hit anyone. However, certain environmental and health factors can make you more susceptible. For instance, genetics can play a role in your risk for depression.

Other health issues can also increase your risk. Sleep issues, anxiety, and substance abuse can all be associated with depression. To complicate matters, these issues can interact and make it hard to tell which came first.

Significant events also put people more at risk for suffering from depression. Deaths, family conflicts, and loss of a job are common examples. Positive life events like marriage, retirement, or the birth of a baby can also be risk factors.

Causes of Depression

Sometimes you can cope with risk factors and avoid succumbing to depression. Other times it is unavoidable. But depression blood tests can help you get started on healing.

The body is complex. Different vital systems have effects on areas that you might not expect. For example, there is a strong connection between the brain and the gut.

Depression can start with insomnia or chronic pain from injury. Certain medications you take can also cause depression. Substance abuse is another common cause.

Various blood tests can help with the diagnosis and treatment of related conditions.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Depression?

Everyone feels sad, lonely, or disinterested at times. So how do you distinguish general grief from depression? The symptoms are similar, but depression lasts longer.

There are a few signs to watch for. If you feel them for a long period, you may be one of the many people dealing with depression.

Do you feel tired, restless, or irritated? Maybe you are having negative thoughts or are having a hard time concentrating. You may also be feeling hopeless or are no longer interested in your favorite activities.

Some of the symptoms are also physical. For instance, you may have stomach pain or headaches. Changes in diet or sleep habits are another strong indicator.

How Is Depression Diagnosed?

Given the many different causes and symptoms, diagnosing depression is tough. But depression blood tests are the first step toward diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosing depression is often a two-part approach. A blood test can help narrow down the diagnosis. It can also help rule out other health issues.

You will need to have a consultation with a medical provider. A doctor will perform a physical exam and an interview to create a diagnosis. They will review your symptoms and test results with you before giving you your diagnosis.

The Lab Tests to Screen, Diagnose, and Monitor Depression

The causes and symptoms of depression can vary wildly. Starting with a lab test is an easy way to start to come to a diagnosis. And you don't need a doctor's approval or health insurance, either.

Studies in using lab tests to diagnose depression continue to uncover new information. But you can get started with tests for disorders like anemia or thyroid disease. Both of these conditions can be the cause of depression.

You can also take tests to assess your digestive health. Poor gut health is another common cause of depression.

Once you have a diagnosis and cause, treatment becomes much easier. With the help of a professional, you can begin making lifestyle changes to improve the condition. You can also take regular tests to monitor your progress.

Frequently Asked Questions About Depression and Lab Tests for Depression

How do I know if I have depression?

Watch for common signs of depression, such as being sad for a long period. If you are disinterested or anxious for a long time, you might be depressed. Undergoing a lab test can help you determine if you have depression for sure.

Do I need health insurance to get diagnosed?

Lab tests do not require health insurance or a referral from a doctor. You can simply purchase the tests you need with Ulta Lab Tests, and then schedule an appointment for your specimen collection at one of our authorized patient service centers near you.

How is depression treated?

There are many different causes of depression. Sometimes therapy may help treat depression. Other times, lifestyle changes like diet and meditation may help. Once you have a diagnosis, talk with your doctor to determine what treatment is best for you.

How long do lab tests for depression take?

Lab test results can come back within a few business days. After you purchase a test, you will need to schedule an appointment locally. Your results will be available online in your secure and confidential patient portal in 24 to 48 hours for most tests.

You Don't Need to Live with Depression

Combating your depression can feel hopeless at times. There is a path to healing, however, which starts with ordering lab tests for depression.

Finally, having a diagnosis is the first step to feeling better. Life has so much to offer, and when you rid yourself of depression, you can take advantage of it all. Order a test today to get started!