Kidney Disease

The Acetylcholine Receptor Binding Antibody Test detects antibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors, a hallmark of myasthenia gravis. This autoimmune disorder affects nerve-to-muscle communication, causing weakness and fatigue. The test helps confirm diagnosis, differentiate from other neuromuscular diseases, and guide treatment. Elevated antibody levels support early detection and ongoing management of myasthenia gravis.

The Acetylcholine Receptor Blocking Antibody Test evaluates autoantibodies that block acetylcholine receptors, impairing nerve-to-muscle signaling. It is commonly ordered in the workup of suspected myasthenia gravis, where these antibodies contribute to muscle fatigue and weakness. This test, often performed with AChR binding and modulating antibody assays, provides valuable insight into autoimmune mechanisms affecting neuromuscular transmission.

The Acetylcholine Receptor Modulating Antibody Test measures autoantibodies that cause loss or alteration of acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells, impairing nerve transmission. Elevated levels are commonly linked to myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness. This test aids in identifying immune-mediated neuromuscular disease and helps evaluate disease severity.

The Actin Smooth Muscle IgG Antibody Test detects autoantibodies against smooth muscle actin, often linked to autoimmune hepatitis and chronic liver disease. Elevated levels may indicate liver inflammation, cirrhosis, or other autoimmune conditions. Doctors use this blood test with liver panels and additional antibody tests to aid in diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and guide treatment decisions for patients with suspected autoimmune liver disorders.

The Albumin Creatinine Ratio Timed Urine Test measures albumin and creatinine levels in a timed urine sample to evaluate kidney function. Elevated albumin excretion can indicate early kidney damage, diabetic nephropathy, or hypertension-related disease. By analyzing the albumin-to-creatinine ratio, this test provides insight into kidney filtration, urinary protein loss, and overall renal health monitoring.

The Albumin Random Urine Test with Creatinine measures albumin and creatinine levels in a urine sample to evaluate kidney health. Elevated albumin (microalbuminuria) may indicate early kidney disease, diabetes complications, or hypertension-related damage. Doctors use this test to detect kidney problems before symptoms appear, monitor chronic conditions, and guide treatment. It provides vital insight into renal function and long-term kidney disease management.

The Albumin Test measures albumin, the main protein made by the liver that maintains fluid balance and transports hormones, vitamins, and medications. Low albumin may indicate liver disease, kidney problems, malnutrition, or chronic inflammation, while high levels may reflect dehydration. Doctors order this test to evaluate swelling, fatigue, or abnormal labs. Results provide key insight into nutritional status, liver and kidney function, and overall metabolic health.

The Alpha-2 Macroglobulin Test evaluates concentrations of A2M, a protein that binds and regulates proteases in the blood. Elevated levels may suggest nephrotic syndrome or liver fibrosis, while decreased values can occur in acute pancreatitis or severe liver disease. This test supports evaluation of immune activity, inflammatory processes, and systemic disorders affecting protein balance and organ health.

The ANA IFA Panel Comprehensive screens for autoimmune disorders by detecting antinuclear antibodies and specific markers including dsDNA, Sm, Sm/RNP, Scl-70, and Sjögren’s SS-A/SS-B. Doctors order this panel for patients with joint pain, rash, fatigue, or suspected lupus, scleroderma, or Sjögren’s syndrome. Results provide critical insight into autoimmune activity, helping confirm diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and guide treatment decisions.

The ANA Screen IFA with Reflex to Titer and Pattern Test detects antinuclear antibodies in blood to evaluate autoimmune activity. If positive, further testing identifies antibody concentration (titer) and fluorescence pattern, helping diagnose conditions like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or Sjögren’s syndrome. Doctors order this test to investigate symptoms such as joint pain, fatigue, rash, or swelling and to guide treatment for autoimmune and connective tissue disorders.

The Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Test measures eight markers, including glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, BUN, and creatinine, to evaluate kidney function, blood sugar, and electrolyte balance. Doctors use this panel to detect diabetes, dehydration, and kidney disease, or to monitor treatment. It is commonly ordered in routine exams, emergency care, or pre-surgical testing to assess overall metabolic and organ health.

The Beta-2-Microglobulin (B2M) Test measures levels of B2M, a protein found on most cell surfaces and released into the blood. Elevated levels may indicate multiple myeloma, lymphoma, chronic infections, or kidney disease. Doctors order this test to evaluate cancer stage, prognosis, or kidney function. Results provide essential insight into disease progression, immune activity, and treatment monitoring for blood cancers and renal disorders.

The Calcium 24 Hour Urine with Creatinine Test evaluates calcium excretion alongside creatinine to provide insight into kidney health, mineral balance, and bone metabolism. Elevated or low calcium may reflect kidney stones, parathyroid disease, osteoporosis, or metabolic disorders. This test supports monitoring of calcium regulation, renal function, and systemic conditions linked to skeletal health.

The Carnitine Test measures carnitine levels in the blood to evaluate fatty acid metabolism and energy production. Abnormal results may indicate primary or secondary carnitine deficiency, often linked to metabolic disorders, malnutrition, or certain medications. Doctors use this test to investigate muscle weakness, hypoglycemia, or developmental delays and to monitor patients receiving treatment for metabolic or mitochondrial disease.

The Catecholamines Fractionated Plasma Test measures plasma levels of dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, hormones that regulate stress response, blood pressure, and heart rate. Elevated levels may indicate pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, or other adrenal and nervous system disorders. Doctors use this test to investigate symptoms like hypertension, headaches, sweating, or palpitations, and to monitor treatment of adrenal tumors.

The CBC with H/H, RBC, Indices, WBC and Platelets Test evaluates overall blood health by measuring hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, size and indices, white blood cell levels, and platelets. It helps detect anemia, infections, clotting disorders, and immune or bone marrow conditions. Frequently ordered in routine exams, this test supports diagnosis, monitoring of chronic disease, and assessment of general health.

The Chloride Random Urine Test measures chloride levels in a spot urine sample to help evaluate electrolyte and acid-base balance. Abnormal results may indicate dehydration, metabolic alkalosis, renal tubular disorders, or imbalances linked to adrenal gland conditions. This test provides clinical insight into kidney function, metabolic regulation, and systemic fluid balance by detecting changes in urinary chloride excretion.

The Complement Component C3c and C4c Test measures levels of two key proteins in the complement system, which supports immune defense and inflammation control. Abnormal results may indicate autoimmune disease, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or certain infections. Doctors use this test to investigate unexplained inflammation, monitor disease activity, and guide treatment decisions in patients with suspected immune or inflammatory disorders.

The Complement Component C3c Test measures levels of C3c, a protein involved in the immune complement system. Abnormal results may indicate autoimmune disorders, recurrent infections, or kidney disease linked to immune activity. Doctors use this blood test to evaluate complement activation, diagnose immune-related conditions, and monitor disease progression or treatment effectiveness in patients with suspected lupus, glomerulonephritis, or other immune disorders.

The Complement Component C4c Test measures blood levels of C4c, a protein in the complement system that supports immune defense and inflammation control. Abnormal levels may indicate autoimmune disorders such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or immune complex disease, as well as certain kidney conditions. Doctors use this test to evaluate complement activation, confirm diagnosis, and monitor treatment response in patients with suspected immune-related diseases.

The Complement Total CH50 Test measures overall activity of the complement system, a key part of the immune response that helps fight infections and regulate inflammation. Abnormal results may indicate autoimmune diseases such as lupus, complement deficiencies, or immune complex disorders. Doctors use this blood test to evaluate immune function, investigate recurrent infections, and monitor treatment in patients with suspected immune or autoimmune conditions.

The Complete Blood Count with Differential and Platelets Test is a comprehensive blood test that checks red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. The differential analyzes types of white blood cells to detect infections, anemia, clotting abnormalities, immune conditions, and certain cancers. This essential test is often ordered for routine health exams, diagnosis, and monitoring treatment progress.

The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) Test measures 21 markers to assess metabolic health, liver and kidney function, and electrolyte balance. It includes glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, total protein, bilirubin, ALP, AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine, BUN/creatinine ratio, and eGFR. The CMP helps detect diabetes, liver or kidney disease, and supports routine screening and chronic condition monitoring.

The Comprehensive Sjögren’s Syndrome Diagnostic Panel evaluates key autoimmune markers including ANA with reflex to titer, SS-A and SS-B antibodies, rheumatoid factor, thyroid peroxidase antibody, and mitochondrial antibody with reflex. This blood test helps diagnose Sjögren’s syndrome, an autoimmune disease affecting tear and saliva glands, while also detecting related autoimmune or connective tissue disorders to guide treatment and patient care.