Lead Blood Test

Lead blood testing checks how much lead is in your bloodstream and helps you take action quickly if exposure is found. Lead can come from older paint and dust, drinking water, certain jobs and hobbies (like indoor firing ranges, welding, battery work, or stained glass), some imported products, and soil.

Children under 6 and people who are pregnant need special attention because even small amounts can affect development and health. A stepwise plan typically starts with a venous blood lead level (BLL) and, when needed, adds follow-up testing and an environmental review to find and reduce the source. Blood testing is the best lab method for assessing current exposure, but it does not replace a clinician’s evaluation, home/workplace safety checks, or local public health guidance.

Signs, Symptoms & Related Situations

  • Neurologic: headaches, irritability, trouble concentrating, memory issues, numbness/tingling

  • Gastrointestinal: abdominal pain, constipation, nausea, metallic taste

  • Hematologic/Renal: anemia, dark urine, kidney function changes

  • Children & Pregnancy: learning and behavior changes, growth concerns; lead crosses the placenta and can be released from bone during pregnancy and breastfeeding

  • Exposure clues: homes built before 1978 (peeling/renovated paint), lead-contaminated dust/soil, older plumbing, indoor firing ranges, welding/soldering, battery/recycling plants, hobbies using leaded materials
    Seek urgent care for severe vomiting, confusion, weakness, chest pain, trouble breathing, or sudden neurologic changes after suspected exposure.

Why These Tests Matter

What testing can do

  • Confirm exposure with a quantitative blood lead level (BLL)

  • Guide next steps like environmental investigation, workplace controls, and public health follow-up

  • Track trends after removing the source or changing work practices

What testing cannot do

  • Identify the exact source on its own—home/work assessment is often needed

  • Replace a clinician’s evaluation or local/state regulatory requirements

  • Precisely measure lifetime body burden (lead also stores in bone)

There is no safe blood lead level identified for children; prevention and early detection are key. 

What These Tests Measure (at a glance)

  • Venous Blood Lead Level (BLL): The most accurate lab test for recent exposure; reported in µg/dL. Used for screening, confirmation, and monitoring. 

  • Capillary (finger-stick) BLL: Useful for initial screening, especially in children; confirm positives with a venous test.

  • Zinc Protoporphyrin (ZPP) / Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin: Sometimes used in occupational programs to reflect longer-term effects on red blood cells; not recommended as a primary screening test in children.

  • Urine or hair lead: Not reliable for routine exposure assessment; blood testing is preferred. 

How the Testing Process Works

  1. Choose the right start: order a venous BLL (or begin with a capillary screen for children and confirm by venous if elevated).

  2. Prepare for collection: no fasting needed. If you’ve had recent work/hobby exposure, remove contaminated clothing, wash hands/forearms well, and avoid bringing dust to the collection site.

  3. Get your draw: visit a nearby patient service center for a venous sample using trace-element–appropriate supplies.

  4. See results securely: most BLL results post within a few days.

  5. Plan next steps: review results with your clinician; they may recommend environmental checks, workplace changes, or retesting based on your level and risk.

Interpreting Results (General Guidance)

  • Any detectable BLL indicates exposure. In children, CDC uses a 3.5 µg/dL reference value to identify those with levels higher than most U.S. children and to trigger follow-up actions.

  • Trends matter: falling numbers after removing the source show improvement; stable or rising levels mean re-exposure needs to be addressed.

  • Pregnancy: lead can cross the placenta and re-mobilize from bone; clinicians often take a low threshold for investigating and reducing exposure. 
    Always interpret results with a qualified healthcare professional and follow public health guidance.

Choosing Panels vs. Individual Tests

  • Most people: start with Venous Blood Lead Level alone.

  • Workplace monitoring: BLL with optional ZPP if required by an employer program or regulation.

  • Multi-metal concerns: if other metals are possible (e.g., welding, plating), add a multi-metal panel—but keep BLL as the primary test for lead.

  • Children: prioritize venous BLL (use capillary for screening with venous confirmation). Consider CBC and iron studies when directed by a clinician, because iron deficiency can affect risk and interpretation. 

FAQs

Do I need to fast for a blood lead test?
No. Fasting is not required.

Why confirm a finger-stick with a venous test?
Capillary screens are helpful, but a venous sample is the standard to confirm and guide follow-up. 

How quickly will my level drop after removing the source?
BLLs usually decline over weeks to months; the pace depends on exposure, individual factors, and bone stores. 

Can I test urine or hair for lead instead of blood?
These are not reliable for routine assessment. Use venous blood for the most accurate measure. 

What if I work around lead?
Ask your employer about a monitoring program. Occupational guidance may include periodic BLL (and sometimes ZPP) testing and workplace controls. 

Related Categories & Key Tests

  • Exposure & Environmental Health Hub

  • Heavy Metal Tests • Water Quality Concerns • Occupational Health Panels • Pediatric Health Testing • Pregnancy & Women’s Health

  • Key Tests: Venous Blood Lead Level (BLL) • Capillary BLL (screening) • Zinc Protoporphyrin (ZPP) • Multi-Metal Panel (when indicated)

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) — Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention (no safe level; BLRV 3.5 µg/dL; confirmatory venous testing).
CDC — Pregnancy and Lead (lead crosses placenta; bone release during pregnancy).
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) — Toxicological Profile and ToxGuide for Lead (blood is preferred biomarker; urine/hair not reliable).

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) — Lead exposure sources and firing-range controls.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) — Lead standards and medical-surveillance guidance (use of BLL/ZPP in certain programs).

Available Tests & Panels

Your Lead Blood Tests menu is pre-populated in the Ulta Lab Tests system. Select a venous blood lead test to confirm and quantify exposure, add ZPP only if required by a workplace program, and consider multi-metal panels when other exposures are possible. Review results with your clinician and, if needed, work with local health or environmental specialists to identify and remove the source.

Click on the link below to learn more about Lead Poisoning and Lab Testing.

Lead Poisoning and Lab Testing -  What You Need to Know

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The Lead Blood Test measures lead levels in blood to detect exposure or poisoning. Even small amounts of lead can harm the nervous system, kidneys, and blood cells. High levels may cause developmental delays in children, fatigue, abdominal pain, or anemia in adults. Doctors use this test to monitor workplace exposure, environmental risks, or treatment effectiveness. Results provide essential insight into toxic exposure and long-term health protection.

Also Known As: Blood Lead Level Test, BLL Test, Lead Test

The Lead Micronutrient Blood Test measures lead levels in the blood to assess exposure and potential toxicity. Lead, often found in contaminated water, soil, paint, or industrial settings, can harm the brain, nervous system, kidneys, and red blood cell production. This test helps detect harmful exposure, guide treatment, and monitor health risks related to lead accumulation.

Patient must be 18 years of age or older.
Also Known As: Blood Lead Level Test, BLL Test

The Zinc Protoporphyrin (ZPP) Test measures ZPP levels in red blood cells to detect iron deficiency and lead exposure. When iron is low or lead interferes with hemoglobin production, ZPP accumulates, making it a sensitive early marker. Doctors use this test to screen for iron-deficiency anemia, monitor occupational lead exposure, and evaluate unexplained anemia, helping guide diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: ZPP Test, ZP Test, Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin Test, FEP Test

Blood
Blood Draw

The OSHA Lead Blood Test evaluates lead concentration in the blood to monitor workplace exposure and ensure compliance with occupational health standards. It plays a key role in protecting workers from lead-related toxicity, supporting surveillance programs, and identifying early signs of adverse health effects. This test aids in preventing complications involving the nervous system, kidneys, and cardiovascular function.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Blood Lead Test, Blood Lead Level Test, BLL Test

The Lead 24 Hour Urine Test measures lead excretion over a full day to assess exposure and potential toxicity. Elevated lead levels can signal occupational or environmental exposure, impaired renal clearance, or chronic accumulation in tissues. This test helps evaluate heavy metal burden, monitor chelation therapy, and provide critical insight into kidney function and systemic toxic effects of lead.

Urine
Urine Collection
Also Known As: 24 Hour Urine Lead Test

The Lead Random Urine Test measures lead excretion to evaluate recent exposure and body burden of this toxic heavy metal. Lead can accumulate in bones, kidneys, and nervous tissue, contributing to anemia, cognitive decline, and organ damage. This test helps identify acute or ongoing exposure, monitor chelation therapy, and assess occupational or environmental risks where lead contamination may be a concern.

Urine
Urine Collection
Also Known As: Random Urine Lead Test

Blood
Blood Draw, Phlebotomist

Lead poisoning is as bad as it sounds.

But without a lead blood test, it can be difficult to understand if you're actually experiencing this debilitating condition or if you're just feeling under the weather.

Nonetheless, it's a good idea to trust your gut if you're concerned about lead poisoning.

Knowing exactly what's ailing you can help you restore your quality of life and take the steps necessary to improve your health.

To learn about lead poisoning, keep reading so that we can answer six common questions about lead poisoning and lead blood tests. Afterward, you'll be ready to get your health back on track.

What Is Lead Poisoning?

Lead poisoning occurs when there's an excess amount of lead buildup in the body, which can cause serious health problems that result in long-term health conditions. It doesn't take much for this to happen, as even a small amount of lead can cause serious issues.

Lead toxicity in high levels is easily fatal. But again, lead poisoning can be debilitating even without the risk of death.

What Are the Risk Factors for Lead Poisoning?

There is only one proven biological risk for lead poisoning, and that's for children ages six and under. That's because their bodies are still developing. Not only is it easier for them to absorb lead, but they also experience more harm from lead.

However, there are far more environmental risks that can put anyone in danger. Regardless of age or body size, continual and elevated exposure to lead will inevitably cause severe health issues. Such environmental risks include:

  • Buildings with lead 
    • More common in buildings built before 1978
    • Lead-based paint
    • Lead-contaminated dust
  • Airborne lead contamination
  • Lead-contaminated water
  • Lead-contaminated soil
  • Occupations that require lead exposure 
    • Battery handling
    • Home improvement work
    • Auto repair work
  • Imported food
  • Imported pottery
  • Imported medicine

Those of lower socioeconomic status are also more prone to coming in contact with lead. That's because they have limited housing options. It's more likely that they will be living in ill-maintained or older buildings that have excess lead in them.

What Causes Lead Poisoning?

As we've covered, elevated lead exposure is necessary for lead blood poisoning to occur. But humans can actually be exposed to a minute amount of lead with no problem, for the most part.

The problem is that industrialization has sparked a demand for mining, fossil fuel use, and other activities, which has only increased lead's presence in our everyday lives.

Batteries, pipes, and building materials are all objects that contain lead. They're also objects we encounter in our daily lives.

For that reason, lead's presence is currently more potent than it was in the past. However, there have been many developments in the US to curb the use of lead in manufacturing. Nonetheless, there is still plenty of reason to be wary of lead exposure.

What Are the Symptoms of Lead Poisoning?

It can be fairly difficult to detect lead poisoning without a test. That's because even seemingly healthy people may have high levels of lead in their blood.

Not only that, but symptoms may vary depending on the age of the individual. But to start, newborn babies typically have lead poisoning because of their pregnant mother's lead exposure. This can cause health conditions upon birth such as:

  • Below-average birth weight
  • Slower development
  • Premature birth

Children who are exposed to lead poisoning tend to express various other health issues and concerns such as:

  • Abdominal pain
  • Irritability
  • Learning difficulties
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Seizures
  • Low energy
  • Pica, an eating disorder involving the consumption of non-food substances, most notably paint chips

Adults can express similar symptoms, but there are some differences. Some of their symptoms include:

  • Abdominal pain
  • Mood swings
  • Memory/concentration difficulties
  • Headaches
  • Reduced sperm count
  • Miscarriage, stillbirth, or premature birth for pregnant women

Can I Take a Lead Poisoning Test?

As mentioned before, even seemingly healthy people can have elevated blood levels of lead. That's why it's important to take a test when you A) know that you're exposed to many environmental risks and/or B) experience symptoms.

Whether you live in compromised housing, feel sick, etc., you can stop guessing if you're experiencing lead poisoning by having a blood test for lead performed. If you decide to take this route, you should understand the procedure beforehand. A typical lead blood test is performed as follows:

  1. Blood sample extracted from drawing blood
  2. Lab analysis will show whether there are high blood levels of lead

Is There a Cure for Lead Poisoning?

If your lead blood test reveals that you have lead poisoning, then it's time to take immediate action. Not doing so can cause existing lead poisoning symptoms to worsen.

The first thing you need to do is remove any potential sources of lead contamination. If needed, you may need to move to other housing especially if your building itself is a potential source of lead contamination.

But if that's not possible, then there are ways to mitigate the effects of these sources. For example, you can paint over lead paint instead of trying to remove it (per the health department's instructions). Most people suffering from lead poisoning can eliminate their symptoms by removing contact with these sources.

However, people with more severe lead poisoning may need additional treatment to rid their blood levels of lead. Such treatments include:

  • Chelation therapy, designed for children with blood levels of 45 mcg/dL or adults with high blood levels of lead 
    • Drug-based treatment taken orally
  • EDTA chelation therapy, designed for adults with blood levels of 45 mcg/dL and children who cannot tolerate the drug used in typical chelation therapy
    • Injection-based treatment

Order Your Lead Blood Test Today!

At Ulta Lab Tests, we offer tests that are accurate and reliable with no insurance or doctor’s referral required, and confidential results provided directly to you. Best of all, we offer the lowest prices on lab tests.

After you get tested, your results will be delivered in 24-48 hours. So, take control of your health today and order your lead blood test now.