Blood Coagulation

The Prothrombin with INR and Partial Thromboplastin Times Test measures how long blood takes to clot by evaluating PT, INR, and aPTT. Abnormal results may indicate clotting disorders, liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, or risk of bleeding and thrombosis. Doctors use this test to monitor patients on blood thinners like warfarin, assess unexplained bleeding, and evaluate clotting function. It provides critical insight into coagulation and overall blood health.

The Prothrombin Time with INR Test measures how long it takes blood to clot and calculates the international normalized ratio (INR) for accuracy. It is commonly used to monitor patients on blood-thinning medications like warfarin and to evaluate bleeding disorders, liver disease, or vitamin K deficiency. Doctors order this test to investigate easy bruising, frequent nosebleeds, or prolonged bleeding and to ensure safe and effective anticoagulant therapy.

The Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) Test measures how long it takes blood to clot, evaluating clotting factors and overall coagulation function. Abnormal results may indicate bleeding disorders, hemophilia, liver disease, or clotting factor deficiencies. Doctors also use this test to monitor patients on heparin therapy. Results provide essential insight into blood clotting, bleeding risk, and treatment management for safe medical care.

The Complete Blood Count with Differential and Platelets Test is a comprehensive blood test that checks red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. The differential analyzes types of white blood cells to detect infections, anemia, clotting abnormalities, immune conditions, and certain cancers. This essential test is often ordered for routine health exams, diagnosis, and monitoring treatment progress.

The Antiphospholipid Antibody Panel measures autoantibodies such as anticardiolipin, beta-2 glycoprotein I, and lupus anticoagulant associated with abnormal blood clotting. Elevated levels are linked to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), recurrent pregnancy loss, stroke, or deep vein thrombosis. This test supports evaluation of autoimmune conditions, unexplained thrombosis, and risks of vascular or pregnancy complications.

The Platelet Count Test evaluates platelet levels in blood to assess clotting ability and overall hematologic health. Low counts may suggest bone marrow disorders, immune conditions, or increased bleeding risk, while high counts can be linked to inflammation, thrombosis, or myeloproliferative disease. This test provides insight into clotting function, systemic balance, and circulatory health.

The ANA Screen IFA with Reflex to Titer and Pattern Test detects antinuclear antibodies in blood to evaluate autoimmune activity. If positive, further testing identifies antibody concentration (titer) and fluorescence pattern, helping diagnose conditions like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or Sjögren’s syndrome. Doctors order this test to investigate symptoms such as joint pain, fatigue, rash, or swelling and to guide treatment for autoimmune and connective tissue disorders.

The Vitamin B12 and Folate Panel Test measures blood levels of vitamin B12 and folate to evaluate nutritional status, red blood cell production, and nervous system health. Deficiencies may cause anemia, fatigue, weakness, neuropathy, or cognitive decline, while elevated levels can indicate liver or kidney disease. Doctors use this panel to diagnose deficiency, monitor therapy, and assess absorption disorders such as pernicious anemia, Crohn’s disease, or celiac disease.

The General Hepatitis Panel Test screens for multiple hepatitis infections in one order. It includes Hepatitis A Antibody Total, Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Qualitative, Hepatitis B Surface Antigen with Reflex to Confirmation, Hepatitis B Core Antibody Total, and Hepatitis C Antibody with Reflex to RNA PCR. Doctors use this panel to detect past exposure, confirm active or chronic infection, guide treatment, and support liver health monitoring.

The Vitamin K Test measures blood levels of vitamin K, a nutrient essential for blood clotting, bone strength, and heart health. Deficiency may cause easy bruising, excessive bleeding, or weakened bones, and can result from poor diet, liver disease, or malabsorption. Doctors order this test to investigate clotting problems, monitor anticoagulant therapy, or assess nutritional status. Results help guide treatment, supplementation, and long-term health management.

The Calcium Test measures calcium levels in blood to assess bone health, parathyroid function, and metabolic balance. Abnormal levels may indicate bone disease, parathyroid disorders, kidney disease, or certain cancers. Both low and high calcium can cause muscle spasms, weakness, or irregular heartbeat. Doctors order this test to monitor osteoporosis, kidney stones, or endocrine disorders. Results provide essential insight into bone, nerve, and overall metabolic health.

The Fibrinogen Degradation Products Semi Quantitative Test measures fragments produced when fibrinogen and fibrin are broken down, reflecting clot dissolution and fibrinolytic activity. Elevated FDP levels may indicate disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), thrombotic disorders, or excessive clot breakdown. This test provides insight into coagulation balance, fibrin metabolism, and abnormal bleeding or clotting risk.

The Lupus Anticoagulant Evaluation with Reflex measures PTT-LA and dRVVT to detect lupus anticoagulant antibodies, which increase risk of abnormal clotting. Reflex tests such as Hexagonal Phase Confirmation, Thrombin Clotting Time, and dRVVT mixing are performed if results are prolonged. Doctors use this panel to evaluate unexplained clotting, recurrent miscarriage, or autoimmune disease, aiding in diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome.

The Potassium Plasma Test evaluates potassium concentration in plasma, a key marker of electrolyte status, nerve signaling, and muscle contraction. Low or high levels may reflect kidney dysfunction, adrenal imbalance, dehydration, or acidosis. This test provides insight into cardiovascular function, metabolic health, and systemic conditions affecting electrolyte regulation and overall physiologic balance.

The Protein C Activity Test measures the activity of protein C, a natural anticoagulant that regulates blood clotting. Low activity can indicate inherited or acquired protein C deficiency, increasing the risk of abnormal clot formation, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism. This test supports evaluation of clotting disorders and provides insight into overall coagulation balance and vascular health.

The Protein C Activity and Antigen Test evaluates both the function and concentration of Protein C, a natural anticoagulant that helps regulate blood clot formation. Measuring protein activity and antigen levels aids in identifying inherited or acquired Protein C deficiency, assessing thrombosis risk, and supporting diagnosis of abnormal coagulation disorders or vitamin K–related conditions.

The Protein C Activity Test with Reflex to Protein C Antigen measures the functional activity of Protein C, a vitamin K–dependent anticoagulant that regulates clot formation. Low Protein C activity can increase the risk of abnormal blood clots and may result from congenital deficiency, liver disease, or vitamin K deficiency. Reflex testing to Protein C antigen helps distinguish between quantitative and functional deficiencies.

The Protein C Antigen Test measures the quantity of Protein C, a vitamin K–dependent anticoagulant that regulates clot formation. Low antigen levels may indicate inherited or acquired Protein C deficiency, which increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis or other clotting disorders. This test helps differentiate between quantitative and functional deficiencies when evaluating abnormal coagulation.