Vitamins & Minerals - Comprehensive

The following is a list of what is included in the item above. Click the test(s) below to view what biomarkers are measured along with an explanation of what the biomarker is measuring.

Copper

Ferritin

Ferritin is a protein found inside cells that stores iron so your body can use it later. A ferritin test indirectly measures the amount of iron in your blood. The amount of ferritin in your blood (serum ferritin level) is directly related to the amount of iron stored in your body.

Also known as: Folate Serum, Folic Acid

Folate, Serum

Folate is part of the B complex of vitamins and is measures the levels of folate in the liquid portion of the blood, the serum or plasma, to detect deficiencies. Folate is necessary for normal RBC formation, tissue and cellular repair, and DNA synthesis.. A deficiency inr folate can lead to macrocytic anemia. Megaloblastic anemia, a type of macrocytic anemia, is characterized by the production of fewer but larger RBCs called macrocytes, in addition to some cellular changes in the bone marrow.

Also known as: Homocysteine, Homocysteine Cardiovascular

HOMOCYSTEINE,

Also known as: Iodine SerumPlasma, Iodine, Serum

Iodine, Serum/Plasma

Also known as: Iron and TIBC, Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity TIBC, TIBC

% Saturation

Iron Binding Capacity

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) is a blood test to see if you may have too much or too little iron in the blood. Iron moves through the blood attached to a protein called transferrin. This test helps your doctor know how well that protein can carry iron in the blood.

Iron, Total

Iron is a mineral that our bodies need for many functions. For example, iron is part of hemoglobin, a protein which carries oxygen from our lungs throughout our bodies. It helps our muscles store and use oxygen. Iron is also part of many other proteins and enzymes. Your body needs the right amount of iron. If you have too little iron, you may develop iron deficiency anemia. Causes of low iron levels include blood loss, poor diet, or an inability to absorb enough iron from foods. People at higher risk of having too little iron are young children and women who are pregnant or have periods.

Magnesium

Also known as: Magnesium RBC

Magnesium, Rbc

About half of the body's magnesium is found in bone. The other half is found inside cells of body tissues and organs. Magnesium is needed for nearly all chemical processes in the body. It helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function, and keeps the bones strong. Magnesium is also needed for the heart to function normally and to help regulate blood pressure. Magnesium also helps the body control blood sugar level and helps support the body's defense (immune) system.

Also known as: Thyroxine Binding Prealbumin, Thyroxine-binding Prealbumin, Transthyretin

Prealbumin

Prealbumin, also called transthyretin, is one of the major proteins in the blood and is produced primarily by the liver. Its functions are to carry thyroxine (the main thyroid hormone) and vitamin A throughout the body. This test measures the level of prealbumin in the blood.

Vitamin D, 25-Oh, D2

Vitamin D2 ((ergocalciferol,) is found in fortified foods and in most vitamin preparations and supplements. Vitamin D comes from two sources: endogenous, which is produced in the skin on exposure to sunlight, and exogenous, which is ingested in foods and supplements. The D2 form is found in fortified foods and in most vitamin preparations and supplements. Vitamin D2 is effective when it is converted by the liver and the kidney into the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Vitamin D, 25-Oh, D3

Vitamin D3 (cholecalcifero) which comes from animals. Vitamin D comes from two sources: endogenous, which is produced in the skin on exposure to sunlight, and exogenous, which is ingested in foods and supplements. Vitamin D3 is the form produced in the body and is also used in some supplements. Vitamin D3 are is converted by the liver and the kidney into the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Vitamin D, 25-Oh, Total

Vitamin D comes from two sources: endogenous, which is produced in the skin on exposure to sunlight, and exogenous, which is ingested in foods and supplements. The chemical structures of the types of vitamin D are slightly different, and they are named vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol, which comes from plants) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, which comes from animals). The D2 form is found in fortified foods and in most vitamin preparations and supplements. Vitamin D3 is the form produced in the body and is also used in some supplements. Vitamin D2 and D3 are equally effective when they are converted by the liver and the kidney into the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Vitamin D, 25-Oh, Total

Vitamin D comes from two sources: endogenous, which is produced in the skin on exposure to sunlight, and exogenous, which is ingested in foods and supplements. The chemical structures of the types of vitamin D are slightly different, and they are named vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol, which comes from plants) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, which comes from animals). The D2 form is found in fortified foods and in most vitamin preparations and supplements. Vitamin D3 is the form produced in the body and is also used in some supplements. Vitamin D2 and D3 are equally effective when they are converted by the liver and the kidney into the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Selenium

Transferrin

Transferrin is a direct measure of the iron binding capacity and is useful in assessing iron balance, iron deficiency and overload.

Also known as: Retinol, Vitamin A, Vitamin A Retinol

Vitamin A

This test measures the level of retinol in the blood; retinol is the primary form of vitamin A in animals. Vitamin A is an essential nutrient required for healthy vision, skin growth and integrity, bone formation, immune function, and embryonic development. It is required to produce photoreceptors in the eyes and to maintain the lining of the surface of the eyes and other mucous membranes. Deficiencies in vitamin A can impair night vision, cause eye damage, and in severe cases lead to blindness. Acute or chronic excesses of vitamin A can be toxic, cause a range of symptoms, and sometimes lead to birth defects. The body cannot make vitamin A and must rely on dietary sources of vitamin A. Meat sources provide vitamin A (as retinol), while vegetable and fruit sources provide carotene (a substance that can be converted into vitamin A by the liver). Vitamin A is stored in the liver and fat tissues (it is fat-soluble), and healthy adults may have as much as a year's worth stored. The body maintains a relatively stable concentration in the blood through a feedback system that releases vitamin A from storage as needed and increases or decreases the efficiency of dietary vitamin A absorption.

Also known as: B1, B1 Vitamin, Thiamine, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B1 Thiamine LCMSMS

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine),

Also known as: B12, B12 Vitamin, Cobalamin, Cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B12 Cobalamin

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is part of the B complex of vitamins and measurea the levels of vitamin B12 in the liquid portion of the blood, the serum or plasma, to detect deficiencies. Cobalamine, or vitamin B12, is found in animal products such as red meat, fish, poultry, milk, yogurt, and eggs and is not produced in the human body. In recent years, fortified cereals, breads, and other grain products have also become important dietary sources of B12. Vitamin B12 is necessary for normal RBC formation, tissue and cellular repair, and DNA synthesis. B12 is important for nerve health. A deficiency in B12 can lead to macrocytic anemia. Megaloblastic anemia, a type of macrocytic anemia, is characterized by the production of fewer but larger RBCs called macrocytes, in addition to some cellular changes in the bone marrow. B12 deficiency can lead to varying degrees of neuropathy, nerve damage that can cause tingling and numbness in the affected person's hands and feet.

Also known as: B2, Riboflavin, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Plasma

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin),

Also known as: B3, B3 Vitamin, Niacin, Nicotinamide, Nicotinic acid, Vitamin B3 Nicotinic acid

Nicotinamide

Nicotinic Acid

Also known as: B5 Vitamin, Pantothenic acid, Vitamin B5 Pantothenic Acid

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic

Also known as: B6, B6 Vitamin, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxal Phosphate, Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP), Vitamin B6 Pyridoxal Phosphate

Vitamin B6

Also known as: Ascorbic Acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin C Ascorbic Acid

Vitamin C

Vitamin C is an antioxidant. It is important for your skin, bones, and connective tissue. It promotes healing and helps the body absorb iron.

Also known as: 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, Vitamin D 125Dihydroxy LCMSMS

Vitamin D, 1,25 (Oh)2,

Vitamin D2, 1,25 (Oh)2

Vitamin D3, 1,25 (Oh)2

Also known as: Alpha-Tocopherol, Vitamin E Tocopherol

Alpha-Tocopherol

Beta-Gamma-Tocopherol

Vitamin K

Vitamin K helps your body by making proteins for healthy bones and tissues. It also makes proteins for blood clotting. If you don't have enough vitamin K, you may bleed too much.

Also known as: ZN, Plasma

Zinc

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The Vitamins & Minerals - Comprehensive panel contains 24 tests with 33 biomarkers.

Brief Description: The Vitamins & Minerals - Comprehensive panel is the pinnacle of nutritional diagnostics, offering a broad-spectrum analysis of essential nutrients critical for maintaining optimal health. This extensive panel encompasses a wide array of tests designed to evaluate the levels of vital vitamins, minerals, and trace elements in the body. By assessing these key nutritional components, the panel provides invaluable insights into an individual's overall nutritional status, uncovering potential deficiencies or excesses that could impact health and well-being.

Collection Method: Blood Draw

Specimen Type: Serum, Packed RBCs, and Plasma

Test Preparation: Fasting for at least 12 hours is required. Collection should be done in the morning.

Patient should refrain from taking vitamins or mineral herbal supplements for at least one week before sample collection.

Patient is to be restricted from alcohol, coffee, tea, raw fish, liver, pork, sausage and vitamins for at least 24 hours before sample collection

When and Why the Vitamins & Minerals - Comprehensive Panel May Be Ordered

The Vitamins & Minerals - Comprehensive panel is typically ordered by healthcare providers for individuals experiencing symptoms of nutritional deficiencies or imbalances, those with chronic health conditions, or individuals seeking a thorough evaluation of their nutritional status. It is also valuable for people with specific dietary restrictions, such as vegans or those with food allergies, and for individuals looking to optimize their health and prevent disease through targeted nutritional interventions.

What the Vitamins & Minerals - Comprehensive Panel Checks For

This panel covers a broad spectrum of nutritional assessments:

  • Copper: Essential for iron metabolism, enzyme function, and nervous system health.
  • Ferritin: Indicates iron storage levels and helps assess iron deficiency or overload.
  • Folate Serum: Critical for DNA synthesis and repair, and red blood cell formation.
  • Homocysteine: Elevated levels can indicate increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and are influenced by B vitamins.
  • Iodine: Vital for thyroid function and metabolic regulation.
  • Iron and TIBC: Assess iron status and transport capacity, important for diagnosing anemia.
  • Magnesium Serum and RBC, Magnesium RBC: Key for muscle and nerve function, heart health, and bone strength.
  • Prealbumin: A marker of nutritional status and protein levels.
  • QuestAssureD 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Total with D2 and D3: Reflects vitamin D status, crucial for bone health and immune function.
  • Selenium: Important for antioxidant defense and thyroid function.
  • Transferrin: Indicates iron transport capacity and overall iron status.
  • Vitamin A (Retinol): Vitamin A is essential for vision, immune function, and skin health. It also plays a role in cell growth and differentiation.
  • Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Thiamine is crucial for energy metabolism and the functioning of the nervous system, muscles, and heart.
  • Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): Riboflavin is involved in energy production, cellular function, growth, and development. It also helps in the metabolism of drugs and fats.
  • Vitamin B3 (Niacin): Niacin is essential for converting food into energy. It helps maintain healthy skin, nerves, and digestion.
  • Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid): Pantothenic acid is vital for the synthesis and metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
  • Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal Phosphate): Vitamin B6 is involved in amino acid metabolism, red blood cell production, and the creation of neurotransmitters.
  • Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin): Cobalamin is crucial for nerve tissue health, brain function, and the production of red blood cells. It is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body.
  • Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that supports the immune system, skin health, and wound healing. It also aids in the absorption of iron.
  • Vitamin D 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin: This active form of vitamin D plays a critical role in calcium absorption, bone health, immune function, and inflammation reduction.
  • Vitamin E (Tocopherol): Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. It's important for immune function and skin health.
  • Vitamin K: Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism.

Conditions and Diseases Detected by the Vitamins & Minerals - Comprehensive Panel

The Vitamins & Minerals - Comprehensive panel can help detect a variety of conditions and deficiencies:

  • Iron-deficiency anemia: Identified through low ferritin and abnormal iron/TIBC levels.
  • Megaloblastic anemia: Due to deficiencies in folate and vitamin B12.
  • Osteoporosis: Linked to low levels of vitamin D, calcium (indirectly assessed through related nutrients), and magnesium.
  • Thyroid disorders: Iodine levels can provide insights into thyroid health.
  • Immune system dysfunctions: Vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, and selenium levels are crucial for immune function.
  • Cardiovascular diseases: Homocysteine levels are associated with cardiovascular risk.
  • Neurological conditions: Vitamins B1, B6, and B12 are important for nerve function.
  • Vitamin A deficiency: Can lead to night blindness and increase susceptibility to infections.
  • Thiamine (B1) deficiency: May result in Beriberi, affecting the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
  • Riboflavin (B2) deficiency: Can cause skin disorders and mucosal membrane inflammation.
  • Niacin (B3) deficiency: Leads to Pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.
  • Pantothenic Acid (B5) and Pyridoxal Phosphate (B6) deficiencies: Can lead to neurological symptoms and anemia.
  • Cobalamin (B12) deficiency: Results in megaloblastic anemia and neurological issues.
  • Vitamin C deficiency: Known as Scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, weakness, and bruising.
  • Vitamin D deficiency: Can lead to bone disorders such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
  • Vitamin E deficiency: Rare but can cause neurological problems due to nerve damage.
  • Vitamin K deficiency: Can lead to increased bleeding and bone weakness.

Utilizing the Vitamins & Minerals - Comprehensive Panel in Treatment and Monitoring

Healthcare professionals use the comprehensive data from this panel to develop targeted treatment plans, which may include dietary modifications, supplementation, or other interventions. For example:

  • Anemia treatment: Iron supplements for iron-deficiency anemia; folate and vitamin B12 for megaloblastic anemia.
  • Bone health: Vitamin D and magnesium supplementation for bone strength and to aid in the prevention of osteoporosis.
  • Cardiovascular health: B-vitamin supplementation to manage homocysteine levels.
  • Immune support: Adjustments in zinc, selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin D intake.

The Vitamins & Minerals - Comprehensive panel offers an unparalleled depth of insight into an individual's nutritional status, providing a robust foundation for personalized healthcare strategies. By addressing deficiencies and imbalances revealed by this panel, healthcare professionals and individuals can work together to optimize health, prevent disease, and enhance overall well-being.

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.

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