Diabetes Management - Basic Most Popular

The following is a list of what is included in the item above. Click the test(s) below to view what biomarkers are measured along with an explanation of what the biomarker is measuring.

Also known as: Chem 12, Chemistry Panel, Chemistry Screen, CMP, Complete Metabolic Panel, Comprehensive Metabolic Panel CMP, SMA 12, SMA 20

Albumin

Albumin is a protein made by the liver. A serum albumin test measures the amount of this protein in the clear liquid portion of the blood.

Albumin/Globulin Ratio

The ratio of albumin to globulin (A/G ratio) is calculated from measured albumin and calculated globulin (total protein - albumin). Normally, there is a little more albumin than globulins, giving a normal A/G ratio of slightly over 1. Because disease states affect the relative amounts of albumin and globulin, the A/G ratio may provide a clue as to the cause of the change in protein levels. A low A/G ratio may reflect overproduction of globulins, such as seen in multiple myeloma or autoimmune diseases, or underproduction of albumin, such as may occur with cirrhosis, or selective loss of albumin from the circulation, as may occur with kidney disease (nephrotic syndrome). A high A/G ratio suggests underproduction of immunoglobulins as may be seen in some genetic deficiencies and in some leukemias. More specific tests, such as liver enzyme tests and serum protein electrophoresis, must be performed to make an accurate diagnosis. With a low total protein that is due to plasma expansion (dilution of the blood), the A/G ratio will typically be normal because both albumin and globulin will be diluted to the same extent.

Alkaline Phosphatase

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a protein found in all body tissues. Tissues with higher amounts of ALP include the liver, bile ducts, and bone.

Alt

Alanine transaminase (ALT) is an enzyme found in the highest amounts in the liver. Injury to the liver results in release of the substance into the blood.

AST

AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is an enzyme found in high amounts in liver, heart, and muscle cells. It is also found in lesser amounts in other tissues.

Bilirubin, Total

Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, a fluid made by the liver. A small amount of older red blood cells are replaced by new blood cells every day. Bilirubin is left after these older blood cells are removed. The liver helps break down bilirubin so that it can be removed from the body in the stool.

Bun/Creatinine Ratio

A ratio between a person’s BUN and blood creatinine to help determine what is causing these concentrations to be higher than normal. The ratio of BUN to creatinine is usually between 10:1 and 20:1. An increased ratio may be due to a condition that causes a decrease in the flow of blood to the kidneys, such as congestive heart failure or dehydration. It may also be seen with increased protein, from gastrointestinal bleeding, or increased protein in the diet. The ratio may be decreased with liver disease (due to decrease in the formation of urea) and malnutrition.

Calcium

You have more calcium in your body than any other mineral. Calcium has many important jobs. The body stores more than 99 percent of its calcium in the bones and teeth to help make and keep them strong. The rest is throughout the body in blood, muscle and the fluid between cells. Your body needs calcium to help muscles and blood vessels contract and expand, to secrete hormones and enzymes and to send messages through the nervous system.

Carbon Dioxide

CO2 is carbon dioxide. Measures the amount of carbon dioxide in the liquid part of your blood, called the serum. In the body, most of the CO2 is in the form of a substance called bicarbonate (HCO3-). Therefore, the CO2 blood test is really a measure of your blood bicarbonate level.

Chloride

Chloride is a type of electrolyte. It works with other electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, and carbon dioxide (CO2). These substances help keep the proper balance of body fluids and maintain the body's acid-base balance. This is a measure of the amount of chloride in the fluid portion (serum) of the blood.

Creatinine

The creatinine blood test measures the level of creatinine in the blood. This test is done to see how well your kidneys work.

Egfr African American

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used to check how well the kidneys are working. Specifically, it estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute. Glomeruli are the tiny filters in the kidneys that filter waste from the blood.

Egfr Non-Afr. American

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used to check how well the kidneys are working. Specifically, it estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute. Glomeruli are the tiny filters in the kidneys that filter waste from the blood.

GFR-AFRICAN AMERICAN

GFR-NON AFRICAN AMERICAN

Globulin

Globulins is the collective term for most blood proteins other than albumin. Identifying the types of globulins can help diagnose certain disorders. Globulins are roughly divided into three groups: alpha, beta, and gamma globulins. Gamma globulines include various types of antibodies such as immunoglobulins (Ig) M, G, and A.

Glucose

A blood glucose test measures the amount of a sugar called glucose in a sample of your blood. Glucose is a major source of energy for most cells of the body, including those in the brain. The hormones insulin and glucagon help control blood glucose levels.

Potassium

Potassium is a mineral that the body needs to work normally. It helps nerves and muscles communicate. It also helps move nutrients into cells and waste products out of cells. A diet rich in potassium helps to offset some of sodium's harmful effects on blood pressure.

Protein, Total

The total protein is the total amount of two classes of proteins, albumin and globulin that are found in the fluid portion of your blood. Proteins are important parts of all cells and tissues. Your albumin helps prevent fluid from leaking out of blood vessels and your globulins are an important part of your immune system.

Sodium

Sodium is a substance that the body needs to work properly it is vital to normal body processes, including nerve and muscle function

Urea Nitrogen (Bun)

BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen. Urea nitrogen is what forms when protein breaks down. BUN measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood.

Also known as: A1c, Glycated Hemoglobin, Glycohemoglobin, Glycosylated Hemoglobin, HA1c, HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c, Hemoglobin A1c HgbA1C, Hgb A1c

Hemoglobin A1c

The A1c test evaluates the average amount of glucose in the blood over the last 2 to 3 months. It does this by measuring the concentration of glycated (also often called glycosylated) hemoglobin A1c. Hemoglobin is an oxygen-transporting protein found inside red blood cells (RBCs). There are several types of normal hemoglobin, but the predominant form – about 95-98% – is hemoglobin A. As glucose circulates in the blood, some of it spontaneously binds to hemoglobin A. The hemoglobin molecules with attached glucose are called glycated hemoglobin. The higher the concentration of glucose in the blood, the more glycated hemoglobin is formed. Once the glucose binds to the hemoglobin, it remains there for the life of the red blood cell – normally about 120 days. The predominant form of glycated hemoglobin is referred to as HbA1c or A1c. A1c is produced on a daily basis and slowly cleared from the blood as older RBCs die and younger RBCs (with non-glycated hemoglobin) take their place. This test is used to monitor treatment in someone who has been diagnosed with diabetes. It helps to evaluate how well their glucose levels have been controlled by treatment over time. This test may be used to screen for and diagnose diabetes or risk of developing diabetes. In 2010, clinical practice guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) stated that A1c may be added to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as an option for diabetes screening and diagnosis. For monitoring purposes, an A1c of less than 7% indicates good glucose control and a lower risk of diabetic complications for the majority of diabetics. However, in 2012, the ADA and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) issued a position statement recommending that the management of glucose control in type 2 diabetes be more "patient-centered." Data from recent studies have shown that low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause complications and that people with risk of severe hypoglycemia, underlying health conditions, complications, and a limited life expectancy do not necessarily benefit from having a stringent goal of less than 7% for their A1c. The statement recommends that people work closely with their doctor to select a goal that reflects each person's individual health status and that balances risks and benefits.

Also known as: Microalbumin Random Urine with Creatinine

Creatinine, Random Urine

Microalbumin

Microalbumin/Creatinine

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The Diabetes Management - Basic panel contains 3 tests with 25 biomarkers.

Brief Description: The Diabetes Management - Basic panel is a fundamental tool designed to help monitor and manage diabetes effectively. This panel includes a series of tests that provide a comprehensive overview of a patient's metabolic status, blood glucose control, and kidney function. By assessing these key markers, healthcare providers can evaluate the current state of a patient's diabetes, identify potential complications early, and adjust treatment plans to ensure optimal management of the disease.

Collection Method: Blood Draw and Urine Collection

Specimen Type: Whole Blood, Serum, and Urine

Test Preparation: Fasting specimen is preferred

When and Why the Diabetes Management - Basic Panel May Be Ordered

The Diabetes Management - Basic panel may be ordered for individuals diagnosed with diabetes to monitor their disease progression and management. It is also useful for those at risk of developing diabetes, such as individuals with a family history of diabetes, obesity, or other metabolic risk factors. This panel helps to track the effectiveness of current treatment plans, detect complications early, and make necessary adjustments to improve patient outcomes.

What the Diabetes Management - Basic Panel Checks For

The Diabetes Management - Basic panel includes the following tests, each providing critical information about a patient's health:

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel

The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) evaluates various components of blood chemistry to assess kidney and liver function, electrolyte balance, and glucose levels. This test helps in detecting potential complications related to diabetes, such as kidney damage or liver issues.

Hemoglobin A1c

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures the average blood glucose concentration over the past two to three months. It is a crucial marker for long-term glucose control, helping to determine how well a patient's diabetes is being managed and if any changes in treatment are necessary.

Microalbumin, Random Urine with Creatinine

This test measures the amount of albumin in the urine, which can indicate kidney damage. The inclusion of creatinine helps to account for variations in urine concentration. Detecting microalbuminuria early is vital for preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Learn More About Your Health with More Advanced Panels

For individuals seeking a more detailed understanding of their health, the following panels offer expanded testing that provides additional insights beyond the basic panel:

Diabetes Management - Basic Plus panel

The Basic Plus panel adds a Complete Blood Count with Differential and Platelets and a Lipid Panel with Ratios. This expansion provides insights into overall blood health and cholesterol levels, which are important for cardiovascular health in diabetes management.

Diabetes Management - Advanced panel

The Advanced panel includes everything in the Basic Plus panel, with the addition of Cystatin C and Insulin tests. Cystatin C is a marker of kidney function that can detect early kidney disease, while the insulin test helps evaluate insulin production and resistance, providing a deeper understanding of diabetes management.

Diabetes Management - Comprehensive panel

The Comprehensive panel is the most detailed option, including all tests from the Advanced panel plus Apolipoprotein A1, Apolipoprotein B, and C-Reactive Protein. These additional tests offer detailed insights into cardiovascular risk and inflammation, crucial for comprehensive diabetes care.

Conditions or Diseases the Diabetes Management - Basic Panel Can Detect

The Diabetes Management - Basic panel is instrumental in detecting and monitoring several conditions associated with diabetes:

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels. The Hemoglobin A1c test in the panel is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes by providing an average of blood glucose levels over time.

Diabetic Nephropathy

This is a kidney disease resulting from diabetes. The Microalbumin, Random Urine with Creatinine test helps detect early signs of kidney damage, allowing for timely intervention to prevent further progression.

Using the Results of the Diabetes Management - Basic Panel

Diabetes Mellitus

Healthcare professionals use Hemoglobin A1c results to assess how well a patient’s blood glucose levels are controlled. Based on these results, they can adjust medications, recommend dietary changes, or modify other aspects of the treatment plan to better manage diabetes.

Diabetic Nephropathy

The detection of microalbumin in the urine indicates early kidney damage. Healthcare providers use these results to implement strategies to protect kidney function, such as controlling blood pressure and glucose levels more tightly, and possibly prescribing medications to reduce kidney strain.

The Diabetes Management - Basic panel is a vital tool for monitoring and managing diabetes. By providing key insights into glucose control, kidney function, and overall metabolic health, this panel helps healthcare providers develop and adjust treatment plans to improve patient outcomes. Regular monitoring through this panel allows for early detection of complications, ensuring that patients receive timely and effective care to manage their diabetes and maintain their health.

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.

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