Metabolism

Metabolism Tests show how your body turns food into energy and how well key systems—glucose control, fats, thyroid, liver, and electrolytes—are working. Many metabolic problems develop quietly and first appear as abnormal labs before symptoms. Proactive testing can reveal insulin resistance, unhealthy lipid patterns, low-grade inflammation, or thyroid shifts that affect weight, energy, and long-term heart risk.

A practical starting point is A1c/fasting glucosefasting insulin, a lipid panel (with ApoB and Lp(a) for risk refinement), hs-CRP, and a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) for electrolytes, kidney, and liver function. Add thyroid tests (TSH ± free T4), ALT/AST/GGT for fatty-liver risk, vitamin D, and uric acid when indicated. These tests support screeningdiagnostic triage, and monitoring but do not replace a clinician’s evaluation or individualized care.

Signs, Symptoms & Related Situations

  • Energy & weight: fatigue, low stamina, central weight gain, difficulty losing weight

  • Glucose cues: frequent thirst/urination, cravings, mid-afternoon slumps

  • Lipid/heart clues: family history of early heart disease, high triglycerides, low HDL

  • Thyroid hints: cold intolerance, hair thinning, constipation, palpitations

  • Liver/metabolic: elevated ALT on prior labs, waist circumference above goal

  • Lifestyle/meds: sedentary time, sleep apnea risk, alcohol use, long-term steroids or antipsychotics

  • Urgent care now: chest pain, severe shortness of breath, confusion, or signs of stroke

Symptoms and risks should be reviewed by a qualified clinician.

Why These Tests Matter

What testing can do

  • Quantify insulin resistance and glucose control (A1c, fasting glucose/insulin)

  • Refine cardiovascular risk beyond standard cholesterol (ApoB, Lp(a), triglycerides/HDL)

  • Flag fatty-liver and systemic inflammation (ALT/AST/GGT, hs-CRP)

  • Identify thyroid-related contributors to energy and weight (TSH ± free T4)

  • Track trends so you can see how changes in diet, activity, and sleep affect your numbers

What testing cannot do

  • Diagnose conditions without clinical context or replace a physical exam

  • Provide treatment or dosing advice

  • Predict outcomes with certainty—results guide risk, not destiny

What These Tests Measure (at a glance)

  • A1c • Fasting Glucose • Fasting Insulin: long- and short-term glucose control; many clinicians use these to estimate insulin resistance.

  • Lipid Panel: triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C; high triglycerides/low HDL often track with insulin resistance.

  • ApoB & Lp(a): risk-refining lipoprotein markers beyond standard cholesterol.

  • hs-CRP (steady state): systemic inflammation context (avoid testing during illness).

  • CMP: electrolytes (sodium, potassium, CO2), creatinine/eGFRBUNglucosealbuminAST/ALTbilirubin.

  • Liver fat signals: ALT, AST, GGT; persistent elevation can align with metabolic-associated fatty liver.

  • Thyroid: TSH ± free T4 (± free T3 when directed) for metabolic rate context.

  • Vitamin D (25-OH): bone/muscle and metabolic support.

  • Uric Acid: can rise in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

  • Magnesium (± RBC Mg): muscle/nerve function; low levels may accompany poor metabolic control.

Quick Build Guide

Goal / Scenario Start with Add if needed
Wellness metabolic baseline A1c • Fasting glucose • Lipid panel • CMP • hs-CRP ApoB • Lp(a) • Vitamin D
Insulin resistance check A1c • Fasting glucose • Fasting insulin Lipid panel • ALT/AST • Magnesium
Heart-risk refinement Lipid panel • hs-CRP ApoB • Lp(a)
Fatty-liver suspicion (elevated ALT/GGT) CMP (ALT/AST/GGT) • A1c • Lipids Ferritin • Hepatitis screens(clinician-directed)
Thyroid-type symptoms TSH Free T4 (± Free T3)
Weight plateau review A1c • Fasting insulin • Lipids • CMP Thyroid • Vitamin D • Uric acid

How the Testing Process Works

  1. Pick your starting set: use the Quick Build Guide to match tests to your goals.

  2. Prepare for accuracy: fast 8–12 hours if your order includes fasting glucose/insulin or lipids; avoid strenuous exercise and heavy alcohol the day before.

  3. Provide samples: standard blood draw.

  4. Get secure results: most panels post within a few days.

  5. Plan next steps: review with your clinician; adjust nutrition, activity, sleep, and monitoring cadence.

Interpreting Results (General Guidance)

  • A1c or fasting insulin high: supports insulin resistance; track trends after lifestyle changes.

  • Triglycerides down / HDL up: often favorable; ApoB best reflects atherogenic particle burden.

  • ALT/AST or GGT elevated: consider metabolic-associated fatty liver risk; confirm persistence and context.

  • hs-CRP elevated (outside illness): suggests higher inflammatory tone; interpret with other risk markers.

  • TSH outside range: thyroid imbalance can affect energy, weight, and lipids.
    Always interpret results with a qualified healthcare professional; patterns over time matter more than any single number.

Choosing Panels vs. Individual Tests

  • Core metabolism panel: A1c • Fasting glucose • Fasting insulin • Lipid panel • hs-CRP • CMP

  • Risk-refining add-ons: ApoB • Lp(a)

  • Organ-specific add-ons: ALT/AST/GGT • Vitamin D • TSH ± Free T4 • Uric acid • Magnesium
    Choose bundled panels for efficient screening; add individual markers to answer targeted questions and monitor progress.

FAQs

Do I need to fast?
Yes if your panel includes fasting glucose/insulin or lipids; otherwise fasting is usually not required.

What’s the best test for insulin resistance?
There isn’t just one. Many clinicians use A1cfasting glucose, and fasting insulin together and follow trends.

Are ApoB and Lp(a) necessary?
They refine risk beyond standard cholesterol, especially with family history or borderline results.

Can abnormal ALT mean fatty liver?
Persistently high ALT (± GGT) can align with metabolic-associated fatty liver, but imaging/clinical review confirms.

How often should I recheck?
Commonly every 3–6 months when making changes; your clinician will set the interval.

Will supplements change my labs?
They can. List all supplements and medicines on your order to aid interpretation.

Related Categories & Key Tests

  • Nutrition & Wellness Tests Hub

  • Metabolic Syndrome • Diabetes Health • Cholesterol Tests • Dietary Fatty Acids Tests • Diet Tests • All Vitamin & Mineral Deficiency Tests • Liver Health Tests

  • Key Tests: A1c • Fasting Glucose • Fasting Insulin • Lipid Panel • ApoB • Lp(a) • hs-CRP • CMP (electrolytes, creatinine/eGFR, BUN, AST/ALT, bilirubin, albumin) • ALT/AST/GGT • TSH ± Free T4 • Vitamin D (25-OH) • Uric Acid • Magnesium (± RBC)

References

  • American Diabetes Association — Standards of Care in Diabetes.
  • American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association — Cholesterol guideline and risk assessment.
  • AASLD/EASL — Guidance on metabolic-associated fatty liver disease evaluation.
  • American Thyroid Association — Thyroid function testing guidance.
  • Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics — Lifestyle and medical nutrition therapy for metabolic health.
  • Clinical reviews on ApoB/Lp(a), hs-CRP, and insulin resistance assessment.

Available Tests & Panels

Your Metabolism Tests menu is pre-populated in the Ulta Lab Tests system. Start with a core metabolism panel and use filters to add ApoB, Lp(a)ALT/AST/GGTthyroidvitamin Duric acid, or magnesium based on your goals. Follow any fasting instructions and review results with your clinician to tailor your plan and set a monitoring schedule.

 

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Blood
Blood Draw

Blood
Blood Draw, Phlebotomist

Blood
Blood Draw, Phlebotomist

The 5-HIAA 24 Hour Urine Test evaluates serotonin metabolism by measuring 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excreted over 24 hours. Elevated levels are often linked to carcinoid tumors or neuroendocrine disease, while low levels may reflect impaired serotonin activity. This test provides insight into endocrine health, hormone regulation, and systemic conditions affecting metabolic balance.

Urine
Urine Collection

The Albumin Test measures albumin, the main protein made by the liver that maintains fluid balance and transports hormones, vitamins, and medications. Low albumin may indicate liver disease, kidney problems, malnutrition, or chronic inflammation, while high levels may reflect dehydration. Doctors order this test to evaluate swelling, fatigue, or abnormal labs. Results provide key insight into nutritional status, liver and kidney function, and overall metabolic health.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: ALB Test

The ALP Test measures alkaline phosphatase enzyme levels in blood to evaluate liver, bone, and bile duct health. High ALP may indicate liver disease, bile duct obstruction, bone disorders, or certain cancers, while low levels may suggest malnutrition or deficiency. Doctors order this test to investigate symptoms like fatigue, abdominal pain, or bone pain and often pair it with other liver function tests. Results provide key insight into metabolic and organ health.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Alkaline Phosphatase Test, Alk Phos Test, Alkp Test

The ALT Test measures alanine aminotransferase, an enzyme mainly found in the liver. Elevated ALT may indicate liver damage from hepatitis, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, alcohol use, or medication effects. Doctors order this test to evaluate symptoms such as fatigue, abdominal pain, or jaundice and often pair it with AST for accurate liver assessment. Results provide essential insight into liver health, enzyme activity, and overall metabolic function.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Alanine Aminotransferase Test, GPT Test, SGPT Test, Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase Test

The Amino Acid Analysis for MSUD Plasma Test evaluates amino acid levels in plasma to aid in detecting and monitoring maple syrup urine disease. This inherited metabolic disorder is characterized by the body’s inability to properly break down branched-chain amino acids. By measuring leucine, isoleucine, and valine, the test identifies metabolic imbalances and provides valuable data for assessing disease progression and treatment response.

Blood
Blood Draw

The Amino Acid Analysis Plasma Test measures levels of essential and non-essential amino acids in blood to evaluate metabolic health, nutritional status, and inherited disorders. Abnormal results may indicate malnutrition, liver disease, kidney dysfunction, or inborn errors of metabolism. Doctors order this test for patients with developmental delays, unexplained weakness, or metabolic concerns. Results help guide diagnosis, treatment, and nutritional management.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Amino Acids Test

The Ammonia Plasma Test measures ammonia levels in blood to evaluate liver function and metabolic health. Elevated ammonia may result from liver disease, cirrhosis, Reye’s syndrome, or urea cycle disorders, causing confusion or altered mental status. Doctors order this test for patients with unexplained behavioral changes, lethargy, or suspected hepatic encephalopathy. Results provide key insight into liver function, metabolic disorders, and treatment monitoring.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: NH3 Test, NH3 Plasma Test, Ammonia Blood Test

The Apolipoprotein A1 and B Test measures Apo A1, the main protein in HDL cholesterol, and Apo B, the primary protein in LDL and VLDL cholesterol. Together, these markers and the ApoB/A1 ratio provide a clearer picture of cardiovascular risk than standard lipid panels. High ApoB or low Apo A1 may signal heart disease, stroke, or atherosclerosis. Doctors use this test to evaluate cholesterol balance, monitor therapy, and guide prevention of cardiovascular conditions.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Apo A1 and B Test, Apolipoprotein Evaluation Test

The AST Test measures aspartate aminotransferase, an enzyme found in the liver, heart, muscles, and other tissues. Elevated AST may indicate liver disease, heart attack, muscle injury, or other organ damage. Doctors order this test to evaluate symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, or jaundice and often pair it with ALT for accurate liver assessment. Results provide key insight into liver function, muscle health, and overall metabolic balance.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Aspartate Aminotransferase Test, Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase Test, SGOT Test

The Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Test measures eight markers, including glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, BUN, and creatinine, to evaluate kidney function, blood sugar, and electrolyte balance. Doctors use this panel to detect diabetes, dehydration, and kidney disease, or to monitor treatment. It is commonly ordered in routine exams, emergency care, or pre-surgical testing to assess overall metabolic and organ health.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: BMP Test, Chemistry Panel, Chemistry Screen, Chem 7, Chem 11, SMA 7, SMAC7, Basic Metabolic Test, Chem Test, Chem Panel Test 

The Bilirubin Direct Test measures conjugated bilirubin in the blood to assess liver function and bile duct health. Elevated levels may indicate hepatitis, cirrhosis, gallstones, or bile duct obstruction, while low levels are generally normal. Doctors order this test for patients with jaundice, fatigue, or suspected liver disease. Results help diagnose and monitor liver disorders, guide treatment decisions, and evaluate overall hepatic and biliary health.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Direct Bilirubin Test

The Fractionated Bilirubin Test separates total bilirubin into direct and indirect forms to assess liver and blood health. Elevated direct bilirubin may point to hepatitis, cirrhosis, or bile duct obstruction, while elevated indirect levels can signal hemolytic anemia or inherited disorders. Doctors order this test for jaundice, anemia, or suspected liver conditions. Results help guide diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of liver and blood disorders.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Fractionated Bilirubin Test

Most Popular

The Vitamin B7 Test measures biotin levels in the blood to assess nutritional status and detect deficiency. Biotin is essential for energy metabolism, enzyme activity, and maintaining healthy hair, skin, and nails. Low levels may result from poor diet, genetic conditions, alcoholism, or long-term antibiotic use, leading to fatigue, hair loss, or skin rashes. Doctors use this test to diagnose deficiency, monitor supplementation, and support overall metabolic health.

Also Known As: Biotin Test

The BUN Creatinine Ratio Test compares blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine levels to assess kidney function and hydration status. A high ratio may indicate dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, or high protein intake, while a low ratio can suggest liver disease or malnutrition. Doctors order this test with kidney panels to evaluate fatigue, swelling, or abnormal lab results. Results help diagnose renal issues and guide treatment planning.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Blood Urea Nitrogen to Creatinine Ratio

Most Popular

The High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) Test measures very low levels of CRP in blood to evaluate inflammation and cardiovascular risk. Elevated hs-CRP may indicate increased risk for heart disease, heart attack, or stroke even before symptoms appear. Doctors use this test along with cholesterol and other markers to assess overall heart health, guide prevention strategies, and monitor treatment. It also helps evaluate chronic inflammation and metabolic conditions.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Cardiac CRP Test, High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Test

The Calcium Micronutrient Test measures calcium levels in the blood to assess nutritional status and detect imbalances. Calcium is essential for strong bones and teeth, muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and heart function. This test helps identify deficiencies, excess, or issues with absorption and metabolism, supporting diagnosis and management of bone health, hormonal balance, and overall wellness.

Patient must be 18 years of age or older.
Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Ca Test, Serum Calcium Test, Calcium Blood Test

Most Popular

The Calcium Test measures calcium levels in blood to assess bone health, parathyroid function, and metabolic balance. Abnormal levels may indicate bone disease, parathyroid disorders, kidney disease, or certain cancers. Both low and high calcium can cause muscle spasms, weakness, or irregular heartbeat. Doctors order this test to monitor osteoporosis, kidney stones, or endocrine disorders. Results provide essential insight into bone, nerve, and overall metabolic health.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: Ca Test, Serum Calcium Test, Calcium Blood Test

The Heavy Metals Micronutrients Blood Test Panel measures levels of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, lead, and mercury to assess exposure and potential toxicity. These metals, found in the environment, food, or workplaces, can affect the nervous system, kidneys, bones, and overall health. This panel helps detect harmful accumulation, guide treatment, and monitor risks from environmental or occupational exposure.

Patient must be 18 years of age or older.

Blood
Blood Draw

The Carbamazepine and Metabolite Free, Bound, and Total Test measures concentrations of carbamazepine and its active metabolite, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, in serum. By analyzing free, protein-bound, and total drug levels, this test helps evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, detect toxicity, and guide dose adjustment in seizure and bipolar disorder management.

Blood
Blood Draw

Blood
Blood Draw

The Cardio IQ™ Lipoprotein Fractionation Ion Mobility Test separates and measures lipoprotein particles by size and concentration using ion mobility technology. It provides a detailed profile of LDL, HDL, and other subclasses, offering a clearer assessment of cardiovascular risk than standard cholesterol testing.

Blood
Blood Draw
Also Known As: LDL Particle Testing, LDL Subclass Test, LDL Fractionations Test

The Differences Between Fast Metabolism and Slow Metabolism Tests

If you've got a metabolism that you just can't figure out, we understand. Everyone's metabolism is different. Plus, your metabolism can change over time and often does. You've probably noticed that you gain weight easier now that you're older than you did when you were in your teens, and this is completely normal. In fact, this is typical for many people. However, if you're a younger person and gain weight easily, there's no need to fret, as that's also common.

You've probably heard that people with a fast metabolism can eat anything and get away with it -- but why is this? How does a person's metabolism work? What is metabolism testing? We know you probably have a lot of questions, so without any further ado let's dive in. 

Fast Metabolism Vs. Slow Metabolism

Metabolism is a term that's thrown around quite a bit, but for all intents and purposes, it describes the internal process of how your body uses energy and gets rid of calories. This includes blood circulating through the body, breathing, and your organs functioning. A person with a fast metabolism might have a body with more muscle mass that uses more energy to perform everyday tasks than someone with a slow metabolism, meaning they need to consume more calories to keep everything stable. Think of a fast metabolism as a gas-guzzling pickup truck and a slow metabolism as a fuel-efficient smart car -- the pickup truck needs more fuel to function!

Someone with a fast metabolism burns calories faster naturally, while someone with a slow metabolism burns them more slowly. However, most people have average metabolisms, meaning they align with the 2,000 calorie diet which is recommended for most people. 

What this means is two people with different metabolisms who eat the same amount of food will absorb calories differently. A young, busy athlete might need to eat twice as much as someone ten years older who lives a sedentary lifestyle to maintain the same amount of weight as them. However, age plays a key role in how your metabolism functions. Typically speaking, the older you get, the more your metabolism slows down. 

What Determines the Kind of Metabolism You Have? 

This news might be disappointing, but your metabolism is mostly influenced by genetics. Since you can't do much to change your DNA, there's no real way to alter how your metabolism functions. However, diet and exercise play huge roles in how your body absorbs nutrients and converts food into energy, so knowing what kind of metabolism you have can make it much easier to achieve your ideal weight or maintain a healthy lifestyle -- regardless of the metabolism you were born with. 

How Can You Find Out What Kind of Metabolism You Have?

If you find yourself full after smaller meals or don't seem to need to eat that much to live a normal life, then you might have a slow metabolism. The same is true if you don't feel like you eat that much but still struggle with weight gain or find it difficult to lose weight. However, it would be best to consider how much exercise you get and examine the amount of calories you're taking in on average. You might not need that much fuel because you don't use that much energy on a regular basis. However, if you're constantly hungry and can snack all day and never seem to gain any weight, then you probably have a faster metabolism. 

Metabolism tests are, without a doubt, the easiest way to know for sure what kind of metabolism you're working with. While it's fairly obvious for most people, sometimes other factors get in the way and make it difficult to know for sure. Factors that can affect how your metabolism functions include the kind of food you're eating, the amount of activity you perform every day, and any illnesses or medical conditions you might have. Metabolism tests can set your mind at ease and confirm whether you have a fast metabolism or a slow one. 

What Kinds of Metabolic Testing Is There? 

Lab Tests

While home tests might seem to be a convenient option when it comes to conducting any sort of test, this isn't really the case. They come with a list of problems. First and foremost, they are not entirely reliable. The samples are not collected by trained technicians in an appropriate environment. It's very easy for at-home tests to show incorrect results. Second, those tests are not generally accepted by doctors and hospitals. If you were to show those results to your doctor, they would most likely recommend that you repeat the testing with a blood draw at a national lab. Third, only a limited number of tests are available that restrict the insight into your health.

Our comprehensive metabolic testing solution does not suffer from any of these problems. All of our tests are considered highly accurate and reliable. They are also accepted by all doctors and health organizations, unlike at-home tests. Why? Because the samples are gathered and tested in the same way as doctors expect them to be. All samples are handled by certified professionals in a certified institution. All of those certifications help guarantee quality and accuracy.

Metabolic Discovery Panel - It contains 8 tests with 68 biomarkers. This comprehensive set of tests helps assess your metabolism. Are you storing too much fat and sugar or perhaps too little? Are you insulin resistant with subsequent inflammation? You can run this panel to discover whether your diet, fitness, and nutritional habits are providing you the metabolic health and longevity you deserve. Don't settle for one-size-fits-all health advice. Your diet, fitness lifestyle, and nutritional intake should improve your energy, weight, and inner metabolic health. But don't merely trust it's working. Run this Metabolic Discovery panel quarterly to take a snapshot of your insulin response, blood sugars, and lipids and adjust your lifestyle based upon your results.

  • CBC (includes Differential and Platelets)
  • Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) includes fasting Glucose
  • Ferritin
  • Hemoglobin A1c
  • Insulin
  • Lipid Panel with Ratios
  • Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
  • Vitamin D, 25-Hydroxy, Total, Immunoassay

The Metabolic Discovery Comprehensive Panel - It contains 15 tests with 78 biomarkers and all of the tests in the Metabolic Discovery Panel, plus:

  • Adiponectin
  • Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
  • Leptin
  • T3, Free
  • T4, Free
  • TSH

Metabolism Lab Panel - it contains 6 tests with 27 biomarkers.

  • Fasting Insulin
  • Glucose (In CMP)
  • Hemoglobin A1c
  • TSH
  • Free T3
  • Free T4
  • Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)

RMR Testing

There are various methods used to test what kind of metabolism a person has. These include determining a person's resting metabolic rate, or RMR. This refers to how many calories your body burns while at rest. Someone with a faster metabolism will burn more calories while doing nothing at all. 

VO2 Max Testing

Another kind of metabolic testing measures your maximum volume of oxygen, or VO2 Max, which refers to how your body utilizes oxygen while exercising. An athletic person will have a higher VO2 max and therefore have a higher capacity for high-intensity exercise, while someone who doesn't exercise all that much won't use oxygen as effectively. 

Lactate Threshold Testing

When your muscles become fatigued, this is due to a buildup of lactic acid, which your body makes when it can't use oxygen to produce energy. Usually, a buildup occurs during exercise. While your body naturally eliminates lactic acid, when exercising you will eventually reach a point where your body is making too much to be eliminated, causing you to become tired and your muscles to feel strained, stiff, and tired. Your lactate threshold refers to when your body is producing lactic acid in the blood faster than it can eliminate it. 

How Do I Test My Metabolism? 

Ulta Lab Tests offers highly accurate and reliable tests so you can make informed decisions about your health.

  • Secure and confidential results
  • No insurance referral is needed
  • Affordable pricing
  • 100% satisfaction guarantee

Order your metabolism lab tests today, and your results will be provided to you securely and confidentially online in 24 to 48 hours for most tests.

Take control of your health today with Ulta Lab Tests.