Ulta Lab Tests

Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance - Comprehensive Lab Panel

The Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance Comprehensive Lab Panel includes 38 tests and 149 biomarkers to support broad review of blood sugar, insulin resistance, beta-cell strain, adipose signaling, cardiometabolic risk, kidney and urine risk, fatty-liver context, thyroid contributors, inflammation, methylation, nutrients, and hormone/stress patterns. Includes A1c, insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, leptin, adiponectin, ApoB, Lp(a), Cardio IQ™, and more.

Blood, Urine, Serum, Random
Phlebotomist
Prediabetes Comprehensive Panel, Insulin Resistance Panel, Metabolic Health Blood Test, Prediabetes Blood Test Panel, Insulin Resistance Lab Test, Comprehensive Glucose Panel, Metabolic Syndrome Panel, Blood Sugar and Insulin Panel

The following is a list of what is included in the item above. Click the test(s) below to view what biomarkers are measured along with an explanation of what the biomarker is measuring.

Adiponectin

Also known as: Microalbumin Random Urine with Creatinine

Creatinine, Random Urine

Microalbumin

Microalbumin/Creatinine

Apolipoprotein B

Also known as: Bilirubin Fractionated

Bilirubin, Direct

Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, a fluid made by the liver. A small amount of older red blood cells are replaced by new blood cells every day. Bilirubin is left after these older blood cells are removed. The liver helps break down bilirubin so that it can be removed from the body in the stool.

Bilirubin, Indirect

Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, a fluid made by the liver. A small amount of older red blood cells are replaced by new blood cells every day. Bilirubin is left after these older blood cells are removed. The liver helps break down bilirubin so that it can be removed from the body in the stool.

Bilirubin, Total

Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, a fluid made by the liver. A small amount of older red blood cells are replaced by new blood cells every day. Bilirubin is left after these older blood cells are removed. The liver helps break down bilirubin so that it can be removed from the body in the stool.

Also known as: C-Terminal Insulin, Connecting peptide insulin, CPeptide, Insulin C-peptide, Proinsulin C-peptide

C-Peptide

Also known as: CBC, CBC includes Differential and Platelets, CBC/PLT w/DIFF, Complete Blood Count (includes Differential and Platelets)

NOTE: Ulta Lab Tests provides CBC test results from Quest Diagnostics as they are reported. Often, different biomarker results are made available at different time intervals. When reporting the results, Ulta Lab Tests denotes those biomarkers not yet reported as 'pending' for every biomarker the test might report. Only biomarkers Quest Diagnostics observes are incorporated and represented in the final CBC test results provided by Ulta Lab Tests.

Absolute Band Neutrophils (Only Reported If Detected)

Immature forms of neutrophils are called neutrophilic band cells. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that is responsible for much of the body's protection against infection. Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream to travel to wherever they are needed. Large numbers of immature forms of neutrophils, called neutrophilic band cells, are produced by the bone marrow when the demand is high.

Absolute Basophils

Basophils normally constitute 1% or less of the total white blood cell count but may increase or decrease in certain diseases and are thought to be involved in allergic reactions.

Absolute Blasts (Only Reported If Detected)

Blasts are immature forms of white blood cells.

Absolute Eosinophils

Eosinophils (eos) respond to infections caused by parasites and play a role in allergic reactions (hypersensitivities)

Absolute Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are white blood cells that exist in both the blood and the lymphatic system. They are divided into three types. The B lymphocytes (B cells) are antibody-producing cells that are essential for acquired, antigen-specific immune responses. The second type are T lymphocytes (T cells) some T cells help the body distinguish between "self" and "non-self" antigens while others initiate and control the extent of an immune response, boosting it as needed and then slowing it as the condition resolves. Other types of T cells directly attack and neutralize virus-infected or cancerous cells. The third type are natural killer cells (NK cells) that directly attack and kill abnormal cells such as cancer cells or those infected with a virus.

Absolute Metamyelocytes (Only Reported If Detected)

Metamyelocytes are immature forms of white blood cells.

Absolute Monocytes

Monocytes (mono), similar to neutrophils, move to an area of infection and engulf and destroy bacteria. They are associated more often with chronic rather than acute infections. They are also involved in tissue repair and other functions involving the immune system.

Absolute Myelocytes (Only Reported If Detected)

Myelocytes are immature forms of white blood cells.

Absolute Neutrophils

Neutrophils (neu) normally make up the largest number of circulating WBCs. They move into an area of damaged or infected tissue, where they engulf and destroy bacteria or sometimes fungi. Young neutrophils, recently released into circulation, are called bands.

Absolute Nucleated Rbc (Only Reported If Detected)

Nucleated Red Blood Cells (nRBC) ) the presence of NRBCs in the adult blood is usually associated with malignant neoplasms, bone marrow diseases, and other serious disorders.

Absolute Promyelocytes (Only Reported If Detected)

Promyelocytes are immature forms of white blood cells.

Band Neutrophils (Only Reported If Detected)

Immature forms of neutrophils are called neutrophilic band cells. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that is responsible for much of the body's protection against infection. Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream to travel to wherever they are needed. Large numbers of immature forms of neutrophils, called neutrophilic band cells, are produced by the bone marrow when the demand is high.

Basophils

Basophils normally constitute 1% or less of the total white blood cell count but may increase or decrease in certain diseases and are thought to be involved in allergic reactions.

Blasts (Only Reported If Detected)

Blasts are immature forms of white blood cells.

Eosinophils

Eosinophils are specialized white blood cells produced in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream, where they normally make up only 0–6 % of circulating leukocytes. Their cytoplasm is packed with reddish‑orange granules that contain potent enzymes (e.g., major basic protein, eosinophil cationic protein) and inflammatory mediators. When the immune system detects large, multicellular invaders—such as helminth (worm) parasites—eosinophils migrate out of the blood and surround the pathogen, releasing these granule contents to damage the parasite’s outer surface and aid its destruction. Beyond parasite defense, eosinophils act as key orchestras of the allergic response. They accumulate in tissues exposed to allergens (airways in asthma, skin in eczema, GI tract in eosinophilic esophagitis) and secrete cytokines and lipid mediators that amplify inflammation, recruit additional immune cells, and contribute to symptoms like swelling, mucus production, and itching. Because of this pro‑inflammatory role, persistently elevated eosinophil counts—termed eosinophilia—can signal allergic disorders, drug hypersensitivity, or certain autoimmune and malignant conditions. Conversely, counts drop toward zero after glucocorticoid therapy or in acute stress states, reflecting the cells’ sensitivity to hormonal and immune regulation.

Hematocrit

Hematocrit is a blood test that measures the percentage of the volume of whole blood that is made up of red blood cells. This measurement depends on the number of red blood cells and the size of red blood cells.

Hemoglobin

Serum hemoglobin is a blood test that measures the level of free hemoglobin in the liquid part of the blood (the serum). Free hemoglobin is the hemoglobin outside of the red blood cells. Most of the hemoglobin is found inside the red blood cells, not in the serum.

Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are white blood cells that exist in both the blood and the lymphatic system. They are divided into three types. The B lymphocytes (B cells) are antibody-producing cells that are essential for acquired, antigen-specific immune responses. The second type are T lymphocytes (T cells) some T cells help the body distinguish between "self" and "non-self" antigens while others initiate and control the extent of an immune response, boosting it as needed and then slowing it as the condition resolves. Other types of T cells directly attack and neutralize virus-infected or cancerous cells. The third type are natural killer cells (NK cells) that directly attack and kill abnormal cells such as cancer cells or those infected with a virus.

MCH

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is a calculation of the average amount of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin inside a red blood cell.

MCHC

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is a calculation of the average percentage of hemoglobin inside a red cell.

MCV

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is a measurement of the average size of RBCs.

Metamyelocytes (Only Reported If Detected)

Metamyelocytes are immature forms of white blood cells.

Monocytes

Monocytes (mono), similar to neutrophils, move to an area of infection and engulf and destroy bacteria. They are associated more often with chronic rather than acute infections. They are also involved in tissue repair and other functions involving the immune system.

MPV

Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) - When it indicates average size of platelets are small; older platelets are generally smaller than younger ones and a low MPV may mean that a condition is affecting the production of platelets by the bone marrow. When it indicates a high number of larger, younger platelets in the blood; this may be due to the bone marrow producing and releasing platelets rapidly into circulation.

Myelocytes (Only Reported If Detected)

Myelocytes are immature forms of white blood cells.

Neutrophils

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that is responsible for much of the body's protection against infection. Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream to travel to wherever they are needed.

Nucleated Rbc (Only Reported If Detected)

Nucleated Red Blood Cells (nRBC) ) the presence of NRBCs in the adult blood is usually associated with malignant neoplasms, bone marrow diseases, and other serious disorders.

Platelet Count

A platelet count is a test to measure how many platelets you have in your blood. Platelets help the blood clot. They are smaller than red or white blood cells.

Promyelocytes (Only Reported If Detected)

Promyelocytes are immature forms of white blood cells.

RDW

Red cell distribution width (RDW), which may be included in a CBC, is a calculation of the variation in the size of RBCs.

Reactive Lymphocytes (Only Reported If Detected)

Lymphocytes are white blood cells that exist in both the blood and the lymphatic system. They are divided into three types. The B lymphocytes (B cells) are antibody-producing cells that are essential for acquired, antigen-specific immune responses. The second type are T lymphocytes (T cells) some T cells help the body distinguish between "self" and "non-self" antigens while others initiate and control the extent of an immune response, boosting it as needed and then slowing it as the condition resolves. Other types of T cells directly attack and neutralize virus-infected or cancerous cells. The third type are natural killer cells (NK cells) that directly attack and kill abnormal cells such as cancer cells or those infected with a virus.

Red Blood Cell Count

An RBC count is a blood test that tells how many red blood cells (RBCs) you have. RBCs contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen. How much oxygen your body tissues get depends on how many RBCs you have and how well they work.

White Blood Cell Count

A WBC count is a test to measure the number of white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood. WBCs help fight infections. They are also called leukocytes. There are five major types of white blood cells: basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes (T cells and B cells), monocytes and neutrophils

Also known as: Chem 12, Chemistry Panel, Chemistry Screen, CMP, Complete Metabolic Panel, Comprehensive Metabolic Panel CMP, SMA 12, SMA 20

Albumin

Albumin is a protein made by the liver. A serum albumin test measures the amount of this protein in the clear liquid portion of the blood.

Albumin/Globulin Ratio

The ratio of albumin to globulin (A/G ratio) is calculated from measured albumin and calculated globulin (total protein - albumin). Normally, there is a little more albumin than globulins, giving a normal A/G ratio of slightly over 1. Because disease states affect the relative amounts of albumin and globulin, the A/G ratio may provide a clue as to the cause of the change in protein levels. A low A/G ratio may reflect overproduction of globulins, such as seen in multiple myeloma or autoimmune diseases, or underproduction of albumin, such as may occur with cirrhosis, or selective loss of albumin from the circulation, as may occur with kidney disease (nephrotic syndrome). A high A/G ratio suggests underproduction of immunoglobulins as may be seen in some genetic deficiencies and in some leukemias. More specific tests, such as liver enzyme tests and serum protein electrophoresis, must be performed to make an accurate diagnosis. With a low total protein that is due to plasma expansion (dilution of the blood), the A/G ratio will typically be normal because both albumin and globulin will be diluted to the same extent.

Alkaline Phosphatase

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a protein found in all body tissues. Tissues with higher amounts of ALP include the liver, bile ducts, and bone.

Alt

Alanine transaminase (ALT) is an enzyme found in the highest amounts in the liver. Injury to the liver results in release of the substance into the blood.

AST

AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is an enzyme found in high amounts in liver, heart, and muscle cells. It is also found in lesser amounts in other tissues.

Bilirubin, Total

Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, a fluid made by the liver. A small amount of older red blood cells are replaced by new blood cells every day. Bilirubin is left after these older blood cells are removed. The liver helps break down bilirubin so that it can be removed from the body in the stool.

Bun/Creatinine Ratio

A ratio between a person’s BUN and blood creatinine to help determine what is causing these concentrations to be higher than normal. The ratio of BUN to creatinine is usually between 10:1 and 20:1. An increased ratio may be due to a condition that causes a decrease in the flow of blood to the kidneys, such as congestive heart failure or dehydration. It may also be seen with increased protein, from gastrointestinal bleeding, or increased protein in the diet. The ratio may be decreased with liver disease (due to decrease in the formation of urea) and malnutrition.

Calcium

You have more calcium in your body than any other mineral. Calcium has many important jobs. The body stores more than 99 percent of its calcium in the bones and teeth to help make and keep them strong. The rest is throughout the body in blood, muscle and the fluid between cells. Your body needs calcium to help muscles and blood vessels contract and expand, to secrete hormones and enzymes and to send messages through the nervous system.

Carbon Dioxide

CO2 is carbon dioxide. Measures the amount of carbon dioxide in the liquid part of your blood, called the serum. In the body, most of the CO2 is in the form of a substance called bicarbonate (HCO3-). Therefore, the CO2 blood test is really a measure of your blood bicarbonate level.

Chloride

Chloride is a type of electrolyte. It works with other electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, and carbon dioxide (CO2). These substances help keep the proper balance of body fluids and maintain the body's acid-base balance. This is a measure of the amount of chloride in the fluid portion (serum) of the blood.

Creatinine

The creatinine blood test measures the level of creatinine in the blood. This test is done to see how well your kidneys work.

Egfr African American

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used to check how well the kidneys are working. Specifically, it estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute. Glomeruli are the tiny filters in the kidneys that filter waste from the blood.

Egfr Non-Afr. American

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used to check how well the kidneys are working. Specifically, it estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute. Glomeruli are the tiny filters in the kidneys that filter waste from the blood.

GFR-AFRICAN AMERICAN

GFR-NON AFRICAN AMERICAN

Globulin

Globulins is the collective term for most blood proteins other than albumin. Identifying the types of globulins can help diagnose certain disorders. Globulins are roughly divided into three groups: alpha, beta, and gamma globulins. Gamma globulines include various types of antibodies such as immunoglobulins (Ig) M, G, and A.

Glucose

A blood glucose test measures the amount of a sugar called glucose in a sample of your blood. Glucose is a major source of energy for most cells of the body, including those in the brain. The hormones insulin and glucagon help control blood glucose levels.

Potassium

Potassium is a mineral that the body needs to work normally. It helps nerves and muscles communicate. It also helps move nutrients into cells and waste products out of cells. A diet rich in potassium helps to offset some of sodium's harmful effects on blood pressure.

Protein, Total

The total protein is the total amount of two classes of proteins, albumin and globulin that are found in the fluid portion of your blood. Proteins are important parts of all cells and tissues. Your albumin helps prevent fluid from leaking out of blood vessels and your globulins are an important part of your immune system.

Sodium

Sodium is a substance that the body needs to work properly it is vital to normal body processes, including nerve and muscle function

Urea Nitrogen (Bun)

BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen. Urea nitrogen is what forms when protein breaks down. BUN measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood.

Also known as: Cortisol AM

Cortisol, A.M.

A cortisol level is a blood test that measures the amount of cortisol, a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland. The test is done to check for increased or decreased cortisol production. Cortisol is a steroid hormone released from the adrenal gland in response to ACTH, a hormone from the pituitary gland in the brain. Cortisol affects many different body systems. It plays a role in: bone, circulatory system, immune system. metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and protein. ervous system and stress responses.

CYSTATIN C

eGFR

Also known as: Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, DHEA SO4, DHEA Sulfate Immunoassay, DHEAS, Transdehydroandrosterone

DHEA SULFATE

DHEA-sulfate test measures the amount of DHEA-sulfate in the blood. DHEA-sulfate is a weak male hormone (androgen) produced by the adrenal gland in both men and women.

Estradiol

Estradiol (estradiol-17 beta, E2) is part of an estrogen that is a group of steroids that regulate the menstrual cycle and function as the main female sex hormones. Estrogens are responsible for the development of female sex organs and secondary sex characteristics and are tied to the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. They are considered the main sex hormones in women and are present in small quantities in men. Estradiol (E2) is the predominant form of estrogen and is produced primarily in the ovaries with additional amounts produced by the adrenal glands in women and in the testes and adrenal glands in men. Estradiol levels are used in evaluating ovarian function. Estradiol levels are increased in cases of early (precocious) puberty in girls and gynecomastia in men. Its main use has been in the differential diagnosis of amenorrhea – for example, to determine whether the cause is menopause, pregnancy, or a medical problem. In assisted reproductive technology (ART), serial measurements are used to monitor follicle development in the ovary in the days prior to in vitro fertilization. Estradiol is also sometimes used to monitor menopausal hormone replacement therapy.

Ferritin

Ferritin is a protein found inside cells that stores iron so your body can use it later. A ferritin test indirectly measures the amount of iron in your blood. The amount of ferritin in your blood (serum ferritin level) is directly related to the amount of iron stored in your body.

Also known as: Gamma Glutamyl Transferase GGT, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase, Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase, Gamma-GT, GGTP, GTP

Ggt

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a test to measure the amount of the enzyme GGT in the blood.

Also known as: A1c, Glycated Hemoglobin, Glycohemoglobin, Glycosylated Hemoglobin, HA1c, HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c, Hemoglobin A1c HgbA1C, Hgb A1c

HEMOGLOBIN A1C

The A1c test evaluates the average amount of glucose in the blood over the last 2 to 3 months. It does this by measuring the concentration of glycated (also often called glycosylated) hemoglobin A1c. Hemoglobin is an oxygen-transporting protein found inside red blood cells (RBCs). There are several types of normal hemoglobin, but the predominant form – about 95-98% – is hemoglobin A. As glucose circulates in the blood, some of it spontaneously binds to hemoglobin A. The hemoglobin molecules with attached glucose are called glycated hemoglobin. The higher the concentration of glucose in the blood, the more glycated hemoglobin is formed. Once the glucose binds to the hemoglobin, it remains there for the life of the red blood cell – normally about 120 days. The predominant form of glycated hemoglobin is referred to as HbA1c or A1c. A1c is produced on a daily basis and slowly cleared from the blood as older RBCs die and younger RBCs (with non-glycated hemoglobin) take their place. This test is used to monitor treatment in someone who has been diagnosed with diabetes. It helps to evaluate how well their glucose levels have been controlled by treatment over time. This test may be used to screen for and diagnose diabetes or risk of developing diabetes. In 2010, clinical practice guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) stated that A1c may be added to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as an option for diabetes screening and diagnosis. For monitoring purposes, an A1c of less than 7% indicates good glucose control and a lower risk of diabetic complications for the majority of diabetics. However, in 2012, the ADA and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) issued a position statement recommending that the management of glucose control in type 2 diabetes be more "patient-centered." Data from recent studies have shown that low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause complications and that people with risk of severe hypoglycemia, underlying health conditions, complications, and a limited life expectancy do not necessarily benefit from having a stringent goal of less than 7% for their A1c. The statement recommends that people work closely with their doctor to select a goal that reflects each person's individual health status and that balances risks and benefits.

Also known as: Homocysteine, Homocysteine Cardiovascular

HOMOCYSTEINE,

Also known as: C-Reactive Protein, Cardio CRP, Cardio hs-CRP, CRP, High Sensitivity CRP, High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein, High-sensitivity CRP, Highly Sensitive CRP, hsCRP, Ultra-sensitive CRP

Hs Crp

A high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) test may be used by itself, in combination with other cardiac risk markers, or in combination with a lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) test that evaluates vascular inflammation. The hs-CRP test accurately detects low concentrations of C-reactive protein to help predict a healthy person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). High-sensitivity CRP is promoted by some as a test for determining a person's risk level for CVD, heart attacks, and strokes. The current thinking is that hs-CRP can play a role in the evaluation process before a person develops one of these health problems.

Also known as: Insulin (fasting)

Insulin

Insulin is a hormone that is produced and stored in the beta cells of the pancreas. It is vital for the transportation and storage of glucose at the cellular level, helps regulate blood glucose levels, and has a role in lipid metabolism. When blood glucose levels rise after a meal, insulin is released to allow glucose to move into tissue cells, especially muscle and adipose (fat) cells, where is it is used for energy production. Insulin then prompts the liver to either store the remaining excess blood glucose as glycogen for short-term energy storage and/or to use it to produce fatty acids. The fatty acids are eventually used by adipose tissue to synthesize triglycerides to form the basis of a longer term, more concentrated form of energy storage. Without insulin, glucose cannot reach most of the body's cells. Without glucose, the cells starve and blood glucose levels rise to unhealthy levels. This can cause disturbances in normal metabolic processes that result in various disorders, including kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and vision and neurological problems. Thus, diabetes, a disorder associated with decreased insulin effects, is eventually a life-threatening condition.

Also known as: Iron and TIBC, Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity TIBC, TIBC

% Saturation

Iron Binding Capacity

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) is a blood test to see if you may have too much or too little iron in the blood. Iron moves through the blood attached to a protein called transferrin. This test helps your doctor know how well that protein can carry iron in the blood.

Iron, Total

Iron is a mineral that our bodies need for many functions. For example, iron is part of hemoglobin, a protein which carries oxygen from our lungs throughout our bodies. It helps our muscles store and use oxygen. Iron is also part of many other proteins and enzymes. Your body needs the right amount of iron. If you have too little iron, you may develop iron deficiency anemia. Causes of low iron levels include blood loss, poor diet, or an inability to absorb enough iron from foods. People at higher risk of having too little iron are young children and women who are pregnant or have periods.

Leptin

Also known as: Lipid Panel with Ratios (fasting), Lipid Profile with Ratios (fasting), Lipids

Chol/HDLC Ratio

Cholesterol, Total

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that occurs naturally in all parts of the body. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But if you have too much in your blood, it can combine with other substances in the blood and stick to the walls of your arteries. This is called plaque. Plaque can narrow your arteries or even block them. High levels of cholesterol in the blood can increase your risk of heart disease. Your cholesterol levels tend to rise as you get older. There are usually no signs or symptoms that you have high blood cholesterol, but it can be detected with a blood test. You are likely to have high cholesterol if members of your family have it, if you are overweight or if you eat a lot of fatty foods. You can lower your cholesterol by exercising more and eating more fruits and vegetables. You also may need to take medicine to lower your cholesterol.

HDL Cholesterol

LDL-Cholesterol

LDL/HDL Ratio

Non HDL Cholesterol

Triglycerides

Triglycerides are a form of fat and a major source of energy for the body. This test measures the amount of triglycerides in the blood. Most triglycerides are found in fat (adipose) tissue, but some triglycerides circulate in the blood to provide fuel for muscles to work. After a person eats, an increased level of triglycerides is found in the blood as the body converts the energy not needed right away into fat. Triglycerides move via the blood from the gut to adipose tissue for storage. In between meals, triglycerides are released from fat tissue to be used as an energy source for the body. Most triglycerides are carried in the blood by lipoproteins called very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). High levels of triglycerides in the blood are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the reason for this is not well understood. Certain factors can contribute to high triglyceride levels and to risk of CVD, including lack of exercise, being overweight, smoking cigarettes, consuming excess alcohol, and medical conditions such as diabetes and kidney disease.

Also known as: Lipoprotein A, Lp (a), Lp(a)

Lipoprotein (A)

Lipoprotein-a, or Lp(a) are molecules made of proteins and fat. They carry cholesterol and similar substances through the blood. A high level of Lp(a) is considered a risk factor for heart disease. High levels of lipoproteins can increase the risk of heart disease. The test is done to check your risk of atherosclerosis, stroke, and heart attack.

Also known as: Ion Mobility, Cardio IQ Lipoprotein Fractionation, Ion Mobility , HDL Subfractions, IDL Subfractions, LDL Subfractions, Lipoprotein Fraction, Lipoprotein Fractionation, Lipoprotein Fractionation Ion Mobility Cardio IQ, Quest Diagnostics has replaced the VAP® Cholesterol Test with Lipoprotein Fractionation, Ion Mobility, Cardio IQ™ test

HDL Large

LDL Medium

LDL Particle Number

LDL Pattern

LDL Peak Size

LDL Small

Magnesium

Methylmalonic Acid

ARACHIDONIC ACID

ARACHIDONIC ACID/EPA

DHA

DPA

EPA

EPA+DPA+DHA

LINOLEIC ACID

OMEGA-3 TOTAL

OMEGA-6 TOTAL

OMEGA-6/OMEGA-3 RATIO

Proinsulin

Also known as: Protein Total Random Urine with Creatini

Creatinine, Random Urine

Protein, Total, Random Ur

Protein/Creatinine Ratio

Vitamin D, 25-Oh, D2

Vitamin D2 ((ergocalciferol,) is found in fortified foods and in most vitamin preparations and supplements. Vitamin D comes from two sources: endogenous, which is produced in the skin on exposure to sunlight, and exogenous, which is ingested in foods and supplements. The D2 form is found in fortified foods and in most vitamin preparations and supplements. Vitamin D2 is effective when it is converted by the liver and the kidney into the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Vitamin D, 25-Oh, D3

Vitamin D3 (cholecalcifero) which comes from animals. Vitamin D comes from two sources: endogenous, which is produced in the skin on exposure to sunlight, and exogenous, which is ingested in foods and supplements. Vitamin D3 is the form produced in the body and is also used in some supplements. Vitamin D3 are is converted by the liver and the kidney into the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Vitamin D, 25-Oh, Total

Vitamin D comes from two sources: endogenous, which is produced in the skin on exposure to sunlight, and exogenous, which is ingested in foods and supplements. The chemical structures of the types of vitamin D are slightly different, and they are named vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol, which comes from plants) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, which comes from animals). The D2 form is found in fortified foods and in most vitamin preparations and supplements. Vitamin D3 is the form produced in the body and is also used in some supplements. Vitamin D2 and D3 are equally effective when they are converted by the liver and the kidney into the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Selenium

Also known as: Free T3, FT3, T3 Free

T3, Free

This test measures the amount of triiodothyronine, or T3, in the blood.

Also known as: Free T4, FT4, T4 Free

T4, Free

The free T4 test is not affected by protein levels. Since free T4 is the active form of thyroxine, the free T4 test is may be a more accurate reflection of thyroid hormone function.

Also known as: Testosterone Total And Free And Sex Hormone Binding Globulin

Free Testosterone

In many cases, measurement of total testosterone provides the doctor with adequate information. However, in certain cases, for example when the level of SHBG is abnormal, a test for free or bioavailable testosterone may be performed as it may more accurately reflect the presence of a medical condition.

Sex Hormone Binding

The sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) test measures the concentration of SHBG in the blood. SHBG is a protein that is produced by the liver and binds tightly to testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol (an estrogen). In this bound state, it transports them in the blood as an inactive form. The amount of SHBG in circulation is affected by age and sex, by decreased or increased testosterone or estrogen production and can be affected by certain diseases and conditions such as liver disease, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, and obesity. Changes in SHBG levels can affect the amount of testosterone that is available to be used by the body's tissues. A total testosterone test does not distinguish between bound and unbound testosterone but determines the overall quantity of testosterone. If a person's SHBG level is not normal, then the total testosterone may not be an accurate representation of the amount of testosterone that is available to the person's tissues.

TESTOSTERONE, TOTAL,

A testosterone test measures the amount of the male hormone, testosterone, in the blood. Both men and women produce this hormone. In males, the testicles produce most of the testosterone in the body. Levels are most often checked to evaluate signs of low testosterone: In boys -- early or late puberty and in men -- impotence, low level of sexual interest, infertility, thinning of the bones In females, the ovaries produce most of the testosterone and levels are most often checked to evaluate signs of higher testosterone levels, such as: decreased breast size, excess hair growth, increased size of the clitoris. irregular or absent menstrual periods and male-pattern baldness or hair thinning.

Thyroglobulin Antibodies

Measurement of thyroglobulin antibodies is useful in the diagnosis and management of a variety of thyroid disorders including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves Disease and certain types of goiter.

Thyroid Peroxidase

Also known as: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Test, Thyrotropin Test

TSH

A TSH test is a lab test that measures the amount of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in your blood. TSH is produced by the pituitary gland. It tells the thyroid gland to make and release thyroid hormones into the blood.

Also known as: Serum Urate, UA

Uric Acid

Uric acid is a chemical created when the body breaks down substances called purines. Purines are found in some foods and drinks. These include liver, anchovies, mackerel, dried beans and peas, and beer. Most uric acid dissolves in blood and travels to the kidneys. From there, it passes out in urine. If your body produces too much uric acid or doesn't remove enough if it, you can get sick. A high level of uric acid in the blood is called hyperuricemia.

Also known as: UA, Complete, Urinalysis UA Complete, Urine Analysis, Complete

Amorphous Sediment (Only Reported If Detected)

Appearance

Bacteria

Bacteria are living things that have only one cell. Most bacteria won't hurt you - less than 1 percent of the different types make people sick. Many are helpful. Some bacteria help to digest food, destroy disease-causing cells, and give the body needed vitamins. But infectious bacteria can make you ill. They reproduce quickly in your body. Many give off chemicals called toxins, which can damage tissue and make you sick. Examples of bacteria that cause infections include Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and E. coli.

Bilirubin

Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, a fluid made by the liver. A small amount of older red blood cells are replaced by new blood cells every day. Bilirubin is left after these older blood cells are removed. The liver helps break down bilirubin so that it can be removed from the body in the stool.

Calcium Oxalate Crystals (Only Reported If Detected)

Calcium oxalate is a chemical compound that forms envelope-shaped crystals. A major constituent of human kidney stones.

Casts (Only Reported If Detected)

Urinary casts are cylindrical structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine in certain disease states. They form in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of nephrons, then dislodge and pass into the urine, where they can be detected by microscopy.

Color

Crystals (Only Reported If Detected)

Abnormal crystals may appear in urine as a result of pathology or due to normal catabolism

Glucose

A blood glucose test measures the amount of a sugar called glucose in a sample of your blood. Glucose is a major source of energy for most cells of the body, including those in the brain. The hormones insulin and glucagon help control blood glucose levels.

Granular Cast (Only Reported If Detected)

The second-most common type of cast, granular casts can result either from the breakdown of cellular casts or the inclusion of aggregates of plasma proteins (e.g., albumin) or immunoglobulin light chains. Depending on the size of inclusions, they can be classified as fine or coarse, though the distinction has no diagnostic significance. Their appearance is generally more cigar-shaped and of a higher refractive index than hyaline casts. While most often indicative of chronic renal disease, these casts, as with hyaline casts, can also be seen for a short time following strenuous exercise

Hyaline Cast

Urinary casts are tiny tube-shaped particles. Urinary casts may be made up of white blood cells, red blood cells, kidney cells, or substances such as protein or fat. The most common type of cast, hyaline casts are solidified Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein secreted from the tubular epithelial cells of individual nephrons. Low urine flow, concentrated urine, or an acidic environment can contribute to the formation of hyaline casts, and, as such, they may be seen in normal individuals in dehydration or vigorous exercise. Hyaline casts are cylindrical and clear, with a low refractive index,

Ketones

Ketones are substances produced in the liver when fat cells break down in the blood. A serum ketone test is a measurement of how many ketones are in the blood.

Leukocyte Esterase

Leukocyte esterase is a urine test to look for white blood cells and other signs associated with infection.

Nitrite

Occult Blood

The test looks for hidden (occult) blood in a specimen sample. It can find blood even if you cannot see it yourself.

Ph

Level of acid

Protein

Body fluids contain many different proteins that serve diverse functions such as transport of nutrients, removal of toxins, control of metabolic processes, and defense against invaders. Protein electrophoresis is a method for separating these proteins based on their size and electrical charge. When body fluids are separated by electrophoresis, they form a characteristic pattern of bands of different widths and intensities, reflecting the mixture of proteins present. This pattern is divided into five fractions, called albumin, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, and gamma. In some cases, the beta fraction is further divided into beta 1 and beta 2. Albumin, which is produced in the liver, accounts for about 60% of the protein in the blood. "Globulins" is a collective term used to refer to proteins other than albumin. With the exception of the immunoglobulins and some complement proteins, most of the globulins are also produced in the liver. Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) is a method used to identify abnormal bands seen on serum, urine, or CSF protein electrophoresis, as to which type of antibody (immunoglobulin) is present.

Rbc

RBCs contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen. How much oxygen your body tissues get depends on how many RBCs you have and how well they work.

Reducing Substances (Only Reported If Detected)

Renal Epithelial Cells (Only Reported If Detected)

Specific Gravity

Squamous Epithelial Cells

Transitional Epithelial (Only Reported If Detected)

Triple Phosphate Crystals (Only Reported If Detected)

Struvite stones (triple phosphate/magnesium ammonium phosphate) - about 10–15% of urinary calculi are composed of struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate, NH4MgPO4·6H2O).[44] Struvite stones (also known as "infection stones", urease or triple-phosphate stones), form most often in the presence of infection by urea-splitting bacteria

Uric Acid Crystals (Only Reported If Detected)

Abnormal crystals may appear in urine as a result of pathology or due to normal catabolism

WBC

WBCs help fight infections. They are also called leukocytes. There are five major types of white blood cells: basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes (T cells and B cells), monocytes and neutrophils

YEAST (Only Reported If Detected)

Candida is the scientific name for yeast. It is a fungus that lives almost everywhere, including in your body. Usually, your immune system keeps yeast under control. If you are sick or taking antibiotics, it can multiply and cause an infection.

Also known as: Cobalamin, Folic Acid, Vitamin B 12, Vitamin B 12 and Folic Acid, Vitamin B12 Cobalamin and Folate Panel Serum, Vitamin B12/Folic Acid

Folate, Serum

Folate is part of the B complex of vitamins and is measures the levels of folate in the liquid portion of the blood, the serum or plasma, to detect deficiencies. Folate is necessary for normal RBC formation, tissue and cellular repair, and DNA synthesis.. A deficiency inr folate can lead to macrocytic anemia. Megaloblastic anemia, a type of macrocytic anemia, is characterized by the production of fewer but larger RBCs called macrocytes, in addition to some cellular changes in the bone marrow.

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is part of the B complex of vitamins and measurea the levels of vitamin B12 in the liquid portion of the blood, the serum or plasma, to detect deficiencies. Cobalamine, or vitamin B12, is found in animal products such as red meat, fish, poultry, milk, yogurt, and eggs and is not produced in the human body. In recent years, fortified cereals, breads, and other grain products have also become important dietary sources of B12. Vitamin B12 is necessary for normal RBC formation, tissue and cellular repair, and DNA synthesis. B12 is important for nerve health. A deficiency in B12 can lead to macrocytic anemia. Megaloblastic anemia, a type of macrocytic anemia, is characterized by the production of fewer but larger RBCs called macrocytes, in addition to some cellular changes in the bone marrow. B12 deficiency can lead to varying degrees of neuropathy, nerve damage that can cause tingling and numbness in the affected person's hands and feet.

Also known as: B6, B6 Vitamin, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxal Phosphate, Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP), Vitamin B6 Pyridoxal Phosphate

Vitamin B6

*Important Information on Lab Test Processing Times: Ulta Lab Tests is committed to informing you about the processing times for your lab tests processed through a national lab. Please note that the estimated processing time for each test, indicated in business days, is based on data from the past 30 days across the 13 laboratories for each test. These estimates are intended to serve as a guide and are not guarantees. Factors such as laboratory workload, weather conditions, holidays, and the need for additional testing or maintenance can influence actual processing times. We aim to offer estimates to help you plan accordingly. Please understand that these times may vary, and processing times are not guaranteed. Thank you for choosing Ulta Lab Tests for your laboratory needs.

The Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance - Comprehensive Lab Panel panel contains 38 tests with 151 biomarkers .

Overview

The Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance - Comprehensive Lab Panel is designed for people who want a broad lab-based review of biomarkers related to blood sugar, insulin resistance, beta-cell strain, appetite and fat-cell signaling, cardiometabolic risk, kidney and urine health, liver-metabolic patterns, thyroid function, inflammation, methylation, nutrient status, and hormone/stress patterns.

This panel includes 38 tests and 149 biomarkers to support provider-guided conversations about prediabetes risk, insulin resistance, metabolic health, weight-loss resistance, energy crashes, belly fat, cravings, triglyceride patterns, kidney risk, fatty-liver context, thyroid contributors, and cardiovascular wellness.

This panel does not diagnose prediabetes or diabetes by itself. The ADA lists common prediabetes ranges as A1c 5.7% to 6.4%, fasting glucose 100 to 125 mg/dL, or 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test glucose 140 to 199 mg/dL; results should be interpreted by a licensed healthcare provider with symptoms, history, medications, and clinical context. 

Why Order This Panel?

The Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance - Comprehensive Lab Panel may be helpful for people who want more than a basic blood sugar test and want a deeper look at the systems that influence metabolic health.

This panel may help provide insight into:

  • Long-term blood sugar patterns
  • Fasting glucose context from CMP
  • Insulin resistance
  • Insulin production and beta-cell strain
  • Proinsulin and C-peptide patterns
  • Leptin and adiponectin fat-cell signaling
  • Cholesterol, ApoB, Lipoprotein(a), and advanced lipoprotein patterns
  • Low-grade inflammation and cardiometabolic risk
  • Kidney filtration, urine albumin, urine protein, and urinalysis findings
  • Liver, bile-flow, ferritin, and fatty-liver context
  • Thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity
  • B12, folate, MMA, B6, homocysteine, vitamin D, magnesium, and selenium status
  • Cortisol, DHEA-S, testosterone, and estradiol patterns

This Panel May Be Helpful For People With

  • Prediabetes concerns
  • Insulin resistance concerns
  • Family history of diabetes
  • Belly fat or weight-loss resistance
  • Cravings or frequent hunger
  • Energy crashes after meals
  • High triglycerides or low HDL patterns
  • Elevated A1c or fasting glucose
  • Fatty liver concerns
  • High blood pressure or cardiometabolic risk
  • Thyroid symptoms with weight or metabolism changes
  • Metformin use or B12 concerns
  • Kidney risk or urine albumin concerns
  • Interest in a comprehensive metabolic health baseline

Which Tier Is Right for Me?

Essential Lab Panel

The Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance - Essential Lab Panel is best for people who want a focused starting point. It typically reviews CBC, CMP, A1c, insulin, lipid panel, hs-CRP, urine albumin/creatinine, urinalysis, TSH, vitamin D, magnesium, and uric acid.

Choose Essential if you want an accessible first-step review of blood sugar, insulin resistance, inflammation, kidney/urine health, thyroid screening, cholesterol, and metabolic wellness.

Advanced Lab Panel

The Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance - Advanced Lab Panel is best for people who want deeper insight into insulin production, advanced cardiovascular risk, kidney filtration, liver/bile markers, thyroid function, methylation, B vitamins, omega status, and nutrient patterns.

Choose Advanced if you want additional review of C-peptide, ApoB, Lipoprotein(a), cystatin C, urine protein, GGT, bilirubin, ferritin, iron/TIBC, homocysteine, B12/folate, MMA, B6, Free T4, Free T3, thyroid antibodies, selenium, and OMEGACHECK™.

Comprehensive Lab Panel

The Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance - Comprehensive Lab Panel is the broadest option. It includes 38 tests and 149 biomarkers and adds premium markers such as proinsulin, adiponectin, leptin, Cardio IQ™ lipoprotein fractionation, cortisol, DHEA-S, testosterone, and estradiol.

Choose Comprehensive if you want the deepest review of prediabetes, insulin resistance, beta-cell strain, adipose signaling, appetite hormones, cardiometabolic risk, kidney/urine risk, fatty-liver context, thyroid contributors, inflammation, methylation, nutrients, and hormone/stress patterns.

Tests Included and Why They Matter

Blood Sugar, Insulin Resistance & Beta-Cell Function

Hemoglobin A1c

Hemoglobin A1c reflects average blood sugar over approximately the past two to three months. The CDC notes that A1c is used to measure average blood sugar over the past 2 or 3 months. 

This test is included because A1c is one of the most recognized markers for prediabetes and diabetes-risk review. It provides longer-term glucose context beyond a single fasting glucose value.

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel, CMP

The CMP includes glucose along with liver, kidney, electrolyte, calcium, albumin, and protein markers.

This test is included because fasting glucose, liver enzymes, kidney markers, and electrolytes are important for metabolic health interpretation. CMP also helps place A1c and insulin results into broader organ-function context.

Insulin

Insulin helps move glucose from the bloodstream into cells.

This test is included because fasting insulin may provide early insight into insulin resistance. Insulin may rise before fasting glucose or A1c become clearly abnormal, making it a valuable marker for people with cravings, belly fat, weight-loss resistance, or energy crashes.

C-Peptide

C-peptide is released when the body makes insulin.

This test is included because it helps evaluate endogenous insulin production and beta-cell activity. When reviewed with insulin, glucose, and A1c, C-peptide can help show whether the body is producing higher amounts of insulin to manage blood sugar.

Proinsulin

Proinsulin is a precursor molecule involved in insulin production.

This test is included as a premium beta-cell strain and insulin-processing marker. It may provide added context when evaluating insulin resistance, insulin production burden, and metabolic health patterns.

Fat-Cell Signaling, Appetite & Weight-Regulation Markers

Adiponectin

Adiponectin is a hormone produced by fat cells and is associated with insulin sensitivity and metabolic health.

This test is included because adiponectin may provide context for fat-cell function, metabolic flexibility, inflammation balance, and insulin resistance patterns.

Leptin

Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that helps signal fullness and stored energy status.

This test is included because leptin may provide context for appetite signaling, satiety, fat-mass signaling, and possible leptin-resistance patterns. It can be useful when insulin resistance overlaps with cravings, frequent hunger, or stubborn weight gain.

Cardiometabolic Risk, Lipids & Omega Fatty Acids

Lipid Panel

The Lipid Panel measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.

This test is included because triglycerides, HDL, and cholesterol patterns are closely tied to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and cardiometabolic risk.

Apolipoprotein B

ApoB reflects the number of atherogenic cholesterol-carrying particles.

This test is included because ApoB may provide deeper cardiometabolic risk context than LDL cholesterol alone, especially when insulin resistance, high triglycerides, or metabolic syndrome patterns are present.

Lipoprotein(a)

Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is a largely inherited cholesterol-related marker.

This test is included because Lp(a) may provide cardiovascular risk context not captured by a standard lipid panel. It is often useful as a baseline inherited risk marker.

Lipoprotein Fractionation, Ion Mobility, Cardio IQ™

This advanced test evaluates lipoprotein particle patterns, including particle number and size.

This test is included because insulin resistance can be associated with more atherogenic lipid patterns, including higher particle burden and smaller LDL particle patterns. Cardio IQ™ adds premium cardiometabolic insight beyond a standard lipid panel.

OMEGACHECK™

OMEGACHECK™ evaluates omega fatty acid status.

This test is included because omega fatty acid patterns may provide context for inflammation balance, cardiovascular wellness, nutrition quality, and cardiometabolic health.

Inflammation, Methylation & Vascular Context

hs-CRP

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein is a marker of low-grade inflammation.

This test is included because inflammation can overlap with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, fatty-liver risk, cardiometabolic risk, and weight-related metabolic stress.

Homocysteine

Homocysteine is influenced by vitamin B12, folate, vitamin B6, methylation pathways, kidney function, and vascular health.

This test is included because it provides B-vitamin, methylation, vascular, and cardiometabolic context. It is especially useful because this panel also includes B12/folate, MMA, and vitamin B6.

Kidney, Urine & Vascular Risk

Cystatin C with eGFR

Cystatin C with eGFR provides kidney filtration context beyond creatinine alone.

This test is included because kidney function is an important part of metabolic and cardiometabolic risk review. KDIGO describes CKD prognosis using both GFR and albuminuria categories. 

Albumin, Random Urine with Creatinine

This urine test evaluates albumin relative to creatinine.

It is included because urine albumin may provide early kidney and vascular risk context, especially in people with insulin resistance, prediabetes, diabetes risk, hypertension, or cardiometabolic risk. Kidney risk staging commonly uses both eGFR and albuminuria categories. 

Protein, Total, Random Urine with Creatinine

This test evaluates urine protein relative to creatinine.

It is included because it adds broader urine protein context beyond albumin alone and may support a more complete kidney and urine health review.

Urinalysis, UA, Complete

A complete urinalysis evaluates urine markers such as glucose, ketones, protein, blood, specific gravity, pH, and other findings.

This test is included because urine findings may provide context for glucose handling, ketones, hydration, kidney health, protein, blood, and general urine health.

Liver, Fatty-Liver Context & Iron Status

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase, GGT

GGT is a liver and bile duct enzyme.

This test is included because GGT may provide context for liver stress, bile flow, fatty-liver patterns, alcohol exposure, medication use, supplement use, and metabolic liver health.

Bilirubin, Fractionated

Bilirubin, Fractionated measures total, direct, and indirect bilirubin.

This test is included because bilirubin patterns provide liver processing and bile-flow context beyond standard liver enzymes.

Ferritin

Ferritin measures stored iron.

This test is included because ferritin may provide context for iron storage, inflammation, metabolic liver patterns, and metabolic stress. Ferritin should be interpreted with iron/TIBC and inflammation markers.

Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity, TIBC

Iron and TIBC help evaluate circulating iron and iron transport capacity.

This test is included because iron availability and iron overload patterns can provide context for fatigue, inflammation, metabolic liver health, and ferritin interpretation.

Thyroid Function & Metabolic Contributors

TSH

TSH is a key thyroid screening marker.

This test is included because thyroid function can influence weight, energy, lipids, temperature regulation, metabolism, and glucose-related symptoms.

T4, Free

Free T4 measures the available form of thyroxine.

This test is included because Free T4 adds thyroid hormone production context beyond TSH alone.

T3, Free

Free T3 measures active thyroid hormone.

This test is included because Free T3 may provide additional context for metabolism, energy, body temperature, and thyroid-related metabolic patterns.

Thyroid Peroxidase and Thyroglobulin Antibodies

These antibodies help evaluate autoimmune thyroid patterns.

This test is included because autoimmune thyroid activity may contribute to thyroid dysfunction, fatigue, weight changes, and metabolic symptoms.

Selenium

Selenium supports thyroid and antioxidant pathways.

This test is included because selenium may provide thyroid-support and antioxidant context.

Hormone, Stress & Body Composition Context

Cortisol, A.M.

Morning cortisol provides stress-response and sleep-wake rhythm context.

This test is included because stress physiology may overlap with blood sugar patterns, cravings, belly fat, fatigue, poor sleep, and metabolic resilience.

DHEA Sulfate, Immunoassay

DHEA-S is an adrenal androgen marker.

This test is included because DHEA-S may provide context for adrenal hormone patterns, stress physiology, energy, body composition, and hormone balance.

Testosterone, Total and Free and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin

This test evaluates testosterone availability.

This test is included because testosterone may provide context for body composition, muscle mass, energy, metabolic health, libido, and hormone-related insulin resistance patterns. Interpretation differs by sex, age, symptoms, and hormone therapy use.

Estradiol

Estradiol is a major form of estrogen.

This test is included because estradiol may provide hormone and body composition context. Interpretation should account for sex, menstrual cycle timing, menopause status, hormone therapy, and symptoms.

Nutrients, B Vitamins & Metabolic Support

QuestAssureD™ 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, D2, D3, LC/MS/MS

Vitamin D testing measures vitamin D status.

This test is included because vitamin D may provide cardiometabolic, immune, muscle, inflammation, and general wellness context.

Vitamin B12 and Folate Panel, Serum

This panel measures vitamin B12 and folate.

B12 and folate support red blood cells, nerve function, methylation, DNA synthesis, and homocysteine interpretation. These markers are especially useful for people taking metformin, following restricted diets, or experiencing neuropathy-like symptoms.

Methylmalonic Acid

Methylmalonic acid, or MMA, is a functional marker related to vitamin B12 status.

This test is included because MMA can provide deeper B12 interpretation when serum B12 is borderline or symptoms suggest B12-related concerns.

Vitamin B6, Pyridoxal Phosphate

Vitamin B6 supports methylation, neurotransmitter pathways, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism.

This test is included because B6 helps interpret homocysteine and methylation patterns.

Magnesium

Magnesium supports glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, muscle function, blood pressure regulation, sleep, and energy production.

This test is included because magnesium status may provide useful context for insulin resistance, metabolic health, blood pressure, sleep, and muscle symptoms.

Blood Health & Metabolic Stress

CBC, includes Differential and Platelets

The CBC evaluates red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, and white blood cell types.

This test is included because blood health may provide context for anemia patterns, inflammation clues, immune activity, platelet patterns, fatigue, and general wellness.

Uric Acid

Uric acid is a metabolic waste product.

This test is included because uric acid may provide context for metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, gout risk, kidney stone risk, high blood pressure, and cardiometabolic stress.

Related Biomarker Patterns This Panel May Help Identify

This panel may help identify or support provider-guided review of:

  • A1c and blood sugar patterns
  • Insulin resistance
  • C-peptide and insulin production patterns
  • Proinsulin and beta-cell strain context
  • Leptin and adiponectin signaling patterns
  • Lipid, ApoB, Lp(a), and Cardio IQ™ patterns
  • Inflammation and homocysteine patterns
  • Kidney filtration, urine albumin, urine protein, and urinalysis patterns
  • GGT, bilirubin, ferritin, and fatty-liver context
  • Thyroid function and thyroid antibody patterns
  • Cortisol, DHEA-S, testosterone, and estradiol patterns
  • Vitamin D, B12, folate, MMA, B6, magnesium, and selenium status
  • Uric acid and metabolic stress patterns

Professional Safety and Interpretation Notice

This panel is designed to support prediabetes and insulin resistance biomarker review. It does not diagnose prediabetes, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, kidney disease, thyroid disease, cardiovascular disease, hormone imbalance, or fatty liver disease by itself.

Results should be interpreted with a licensed healthcare provider and reviewed alongside symptoms, age, sex, medications, supplements, weight history, blood pressure, family history, nutrition, physical activity, sleep, stress, and health goals.

Do not stop or change medications or supplements without guidance from your healthcare provider.

How to Prepare for This Panel

Preparation may vary depending on the specific tests and lab instructions. In general:

  • Fasting may be recommended because glucose, insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, and lipid markers are included.
  • Morning collection may be preferred for cortisol and testosterone.
  • Bring a list of medications, supplements, vitamins, hormones, diabetes medications, GLP-1 medications, metformin, steroids, and doses.
  • Note symptoms such as cravings, hunger, belly fat, energy crashes, fatigue, weight changes, sleep disruption, or neuropathy-like symptoms.
  • Drink water normally unless instructed otherwise.
  • Follow all collection instructions provided with your order.

What Happens After You Receive Your Results?

After your results are available, biomarkers can be organized into key metabolic categories: blood sugar, insulin resistance, insulin production, beta-cell strain, adipose signaling, cardiometabolic risk, kidney and urine risk, liver-metabolic context, thyroid function, inflammation, methylation, nutrients, hormone/stress patterns, and metabolic stress.

During a provider review, you can discuss whether results suggest follow-up testing, medication review, nutrition changes, exercise adjustments, sleep and stress review, weight-management planning, or additional clinical evaluation.

Additional Panels to Consider

Customers interested in the Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance - Comprehensive Lab Panel may also consider:

  • Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance - Essential Lab Panel
  • Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance - Advanced Lab Panel
  • Weight Loss Resistance & Metabolism Lab Panel
  • Heart Health & Cholesterol Lab Panel
  • Longevity & Healthy Aging Lab Panel
  • Thyroid & Metabolism Lab Panel
  • Fatigue, Low Energy & Brain Fog Lab Panel
  • GLP-1 Medication Safety Lab Panel
  • Kidney, Liver & Detox Support Lab Panel
  • Vitamin, Mineral & Nutrient Deficiency Lab Panel

FAQ: Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance - Comprehensive Lab Panel

What is the Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance Comprehensive Lab Panel?

The Prediabetes & Insulin Resistance Comprehensive Lab Panel is a blood and urine test panel that includes 38 tests and 149 biomarkers to evaluate blood sugar, insulin resistance, insulin production, beta-cell strain, adipose signaling, cardiometabolic risk, kidney and urine risk, liver-metabolic health, thyroid contributors, inflammation, methylation, nutrients, and hormone/stress patterns.

Does this panel diagnose prediabetes or diabetes?

No. This panel does not diagnose prediabetes or diabetes by itself. Diagnostic interpretation should be done by a licensed healthcare provider using clinical criteria, symptoms, history, and appropriate confirmatory testing when needed.

What tests are most important for insulin resistance?

A1c, fasting glucose from CMP, insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, lipid patterns, triglycerides, HDL, ApoB, hs-CRP, and urine albumin/creatinine may all provide useful insulin resistance and metabolic risk context.

Why are leptin and adiponectin included?

Leptin and adiponectin are fat-cell signaling hormones. Leptin may provide appetite and satiety context, while adiponectin may provide context for insulin sensitivity and metabolic health.

Why are kidney markers included?

Insulin resistance, prediabetes, diabetes risk, and hypertension can affect kidney and vascular health. Cystatin C, urine albumin/creatinine, urine protein/creatinine, and urinalysis provide kidney and urine risk context.

Why are thyroid markers included?

Thyroid function can affect weight, energy, cholesterol, metabolism, and blood sugar-related symptoms. This panel includes TSH, Free T4, Free T3, and thyroid antibodies.

Why are hormone and stress markers included?

Cortisol, DHEA-S, testosterone, and estradiol may provide context for stress physiology, body composition, energy, belly fat, and sex-specific metabolic patterns.

Why are B12, folate, MMA, B6, and homocysteine included?

These markers help evaluate methylation and B-vitamin status. They may be useful for people taking metformin, following restricted diets, or experiencing neuropathy-like symptoms.

Should I choose Essential, Advanced, or Comprehensive?

Choose Essential for a focused metabolic baseline, Advanced for deeper insulin production, cardiometabolic, kidney, thyroid, liver, methylation, and nutrient review, and Comprehensive for the broadest full-system prediabetes and insulin resistance biomarker review.

Important Note

This panel is designed to help evaluate selected biomarkers related to prediabetes risk, insulin resistance, metabolic health, cardiometabolic risk, kidney function, liver health, thyroid function, inflammation, nutrient status, and hormone/stress patterns. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease by itself. Results should be reviewed with a licensed healthcare provider.

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