Liver Health

The Fibrinogen Antigen Test measures the amount of fibrinogen, a protein essential for blood clot formation and wound healing. Low levels may reflect bleeding disorders, liver disease, or fibrinolysis, while elevated levels are linked to inflammation and cardiovascular risk. This test provides insight into coagulation status, thrombotic risk, and systemic inflammation, supporting evaluation of clotting function and overall vascular health.

The GGT Test measures gamma-glutamyl transferase, an enzyme found in the liver and bile ducts, to evaluate liver health. Elevated GGT may indicate liver disease, bile duct obstruction, alcohol use, or medication side effects. Doctors order this test to investigate symptoms like fatigue, jaundice, dark urine, or abdominal pain and to monitor liver damage. It is often performed with other liver tests to provide a complete picture of liver and bile duct function.

The Glucose Test measures blood sugar levels to evaluate energy metabolism and screen for diabetes or prediabetes. Abnormal glucose may indicate hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, or metabolic disorders. Doctors use this test during routine exams, to investigate symptoms like fatigue, excessive thirst, or frequent urination, and to monitor treatment for diabetes. It provides essential insight into how the body regulates blood sugar and overall metabolic health.

The Hepatic Function Panel Test measures liver enzymes, proteins, and bilirubin to assess liver health and function. It includes ALT, AST, ALP, albumin, total protein, and bilirubin levels. Abnormal results may indicate hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver, or bile duct problems. Doctors use this test to investigate jaundice, nausea, abdominal pain, or fatigue and to monitor liver disease, alcohol use, or medication side effects affecting liver function.

The Liver Function Panel, also known as a Hepatic Function Panel, measures proteins, enzymes, and bilirubin to assess liver health and function. It helps detect liver disease, monitor liver conditions, and evaluate the effects of medications or other factors on liver performance.

The General Hepatitis Panel Test screens for multiple hepatitis infections in one order. It includes Hepatitis A Antibody Total, Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Qualitative, Hepatitis B Surface Antigen with Reflex to Confirmation, Hepatitis B Core Antibody Total, and Hepatitis C Antibody with Reflex to RNA PCR. Doctors use this panel to detect past exposure, confirm active or chronic infection, guide treatment, and support liver health monitoring.

The Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Test measures IgM antibody levels in blood to evaluate immune response and early defense against infections. High IgM may indicate recent or acute infections, autoimmune disease, or certain blood disorders, while low levels may suggest immune deficiency. Doctors order this test to investigate recurrent infections, unexplained inflammation, or suspected immune problems. Results provide vital insight into antibody health, immune status, and diagnostic care.

The Iron Total and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Test measures iron levels in blood along with the blood’s ability to transport iron. It helps diagnose iron deficiency anemia, iron overload (hemochromatosis), and monitor nutritional or chronic health conditions. Low iron or high TIBC may indicate anemia, while high iron or low TIBC can suggest overload. Doctors use this test to evaluate fatigue, weakness, or other symptoms linked to iron and metabolic health.

The Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Test measures LDH enzyme levels in blood to assess tissue damage and overall health. Elevated LDH may indicate conditions such as liver disease, heart attack, anemia, infections, or certain cancers, while low levels are uncommon. Doctors use this test to help diagnose disease, monitor treatment effectiveness, and track cell damage. It provides valuable insight into metabolic activity and organ function.

The Lipid Panel with Ratios Test measures seven key markers: total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, Chol/HDL ratio, and LDL/HDL ratio. This advanced panel evaluates cardiovascular risk by assessing cholesterol balance and fat metabolism. Doctors use it to detect high cholesterol, atherosclerosis risk, and heart disease, and to monitor treatment. Often part of routine exams, it provides insight into long-term heart and metabolic health.

The Lipid Panel Test with Reflex to Direct LDL measures total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and cholesterol ratios to assess heart and vascular health. If triglycerides are very high, it automatically reflexes to direct LDL measurement for greater accuracy. Doctors use this test to evaluate cardiovascular risk, guide cholesterol management, and monitor therapy. Results provide key insight into lipid balance, heart disease prevention, and metabolic health.

The Metabolic Syndrome & Glucose Control Panel evaluates key biomarkers—fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, and related metrics—to assess insulin resistance, glucose dysregulation, and cardiometabolic risk. This integrated panel helps clinicians identify metabolic syndrome early, monitor glycemic control, and guide interventions to reduce progression to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

The Mitochondrial Antibody with Reflex to Titer Test detects antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs), most commonly linked to primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), an autoimmune liver disease. If antibodies are present, reflex titers measure their level for greater diagnostic detail. Doctors use this test to investigate unexplained liver abnormalities, chronic fatigue, or jaundice, helping confirm autoimmune liver disease and guide long-term management.

The Obstetric Panel is a prenatal blood test panel that screens for conditions affecting pregnancy and maternal health. It typically includes a Complete Blood Count, blood typing with Rh factor, antibody screen, and infectious disease testing such as hepatitis B, syphilis, rubella, and HIV. Doctors use this panel in early pregnancy to evaluate overall health, identify risks, and ensure safe monitoring for both mother and baby.

The Comprehensive Organic Acids Quantitative Urine Test analyzes a broad spectrum of metabolites—organic acids—in urine to assess metabolic pathway function. By quantifying markers of detoxification, mitochondrial energy, and microbial metabolism, this test can help detect inborn errors, mitochondrial dysfunction, or dysbiosis.

The Plasminogen Activity Test measures the function of plasminogen, a key protein involved in breaking down blood clots and maintaining healthy circulation. Low activity may indicate risk for abnormal clotting or thrombotic conditions, while elevated activity may suggest bleeding disorders. This test supports evaluation of fibrinolysis, helping to assess clot formation, cardiovascular health, and related hemostatic balance.

The Prealbumin Test measures levels of prealbumin, a protein made by the liver that reflects short-term nutritional status. Low levels may indicate malnutrition, liver disease, inflammation, or chronic illness, while high levels may be linked to kidney disease or steroid use. Doctors use this test to assess protein-calorie nutrition, monitor patients receiving nutritional support, and guide treatment for conditions affecting metabolism and recovery.

The Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Test detects PAP, an enzyme produced in the prostate, to provide information about prostate health and possible disease. Abnormal levels may suggest prostate cancer, metastatic spread, or benign prostate conditions. This test supports assessment of prostate function, systemic effects, and urologic health, offering insight into disease monitoring and progression.

The Protein C Activity Test measures the activity of protein C, a natural anticoagulant that regulates blood clotting. Low activity can indicate inherited or acquired protein C deficiency, increasing the risk of abnormal clot formation, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism. This test supports evaluation of clotting disorders and provides insight into overall coagulation balance and vascular health.

The Protein C Activity Test with Reflex to Protein C Antigen measures the functional activity of Protein C, a vitamin K–dependent anticoagulant that regulates clot formation. Low Protein C activity can increase the risk of abnormal blood clots and may result from congenital deficiency, liver disease, or vitamin K deficiency. Reflex testing to Protein C antigen helps distinguish between quantitative and functional deficiencies.

The Protein C Antigen Test measures the quantity of Protein C, a vitamin K–dependent anticoagulant that regulates clot formation. Low antigen levels may indicate inherited or acquired Protein C deficiency, which increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis or other clotting disorders. This test helps differentiate between quantitative and functional deficiencies when evaluating abnormal coagulation.

The Protein Total Serum Test evaluates total protein concentration, reflecting both albumin and globulin, which play key roles in immune response, liver function, and nutrient transport. Abnormal findings may signal malnutrition, kidney or liver disease, or chronic inflammatory conditions. This test aids in assessing protein metabolism, systemic health, and overall physiological balance.

The Prothrombin Time with INR Test measures how long it takes blood to clot and calculates the international normalized ratio (INR) for accuracy. It is commonly used to monitor patients on blood-thinning medications like warfarin and to evaluate bleeding disorders, liver disease, or vitamin K deficiency. Doctors order this test to investigate easy bruising, frequent nosebleeds, or prolonged bleeding and to ensure safe and effective anticoagulant therapy.

The Rheumatoid Factor IgA IgG IgM Antibodies Test measures multiple rheumatoid factor classes to aid in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis and related autoimmune diseases. Elevated levels may suggest joint inflammation, Sjögren’s syndrome, lupus, or chronic infections. Doctors use this comprehensive test to confirm autoimmune involvement, investigate persistent pain or stiffness, and guide treatment planning by assessing disease activity across antibody types.

The Sickle Cell Screen detects abnormal hemoglobin S in blood to identify sickle cell trait or sickle cell disease. A positive screen suggests the presence of sickle hemoglobin, which may require confirmatory testing. Doctors order this test for newborn screening, genetic counseling, or evaluating anemia, pain crises, or family history of hemoglobin disorders. Results provide key insight into sickle cell status, red blood cell health, and hereditary blood conditions.